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Physics and numbers: a observation
13 years ago
General
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_.....mber_(physics)
http://0.tqn.com/d/chemistry/1/0/1/.....leallcolor.jpg
http://www.facebook.com/cornerstone28
Some observations on numerology, those who have been following cornerstone 28's posting should be aware of several numbers of significance; 2, 8, 10, 28, 3 and 7. A entire discussion can be made on these numbers Some things to keep in mind though is that 3 and 7 are the variables and 28 is the new name. Now with that said look at the first link a magic number in physics describes the arrangements of protons/neutrons arranged in a shell in the nucleus that produces a unusually stable (to decay) element that breaks away from the standard decay rate of it's sister elements it's “more stable.”
the 7 most widely recognized magic numbers are 2,8,20 (which is really just 10 times 2), 28, 50, 82 (which is just 28 inverted), and 126.
Nuclei which have neutron number and proton (atomic) numbers each equal to one of the magic numbers are called "double magic", and are especially stable against decay. Examples of double magic isotopes include helium-4 (4He),oxygen-16 (16O), calcium-40 (40Ca), calcium-48 (48Ca), nickel-48 (48Ni) and lead-208 (208Pb).
Now note those elements, their vanilla variants are Helium-2, Oxygen-8, Calcium-20, Nickel-28, and Lead-82. Which correspond to the vanilla magic numbers. Repeating Calcium twice. Calcium is the main component of our bones. Also of note Oxygen, which on it's own is toxic in quantities to humans but combines with Nitrogen-7 to make what we breath in (and what plants produce). To correlate we exhale Carbon/Oxygen mix (which plants breath in). We are carbon based lifeforms. Carbon is atomic number 6. Carbon Dioxide is toxic to human life, (which is why it's a good idea to have a lot of plant around or at least open windows). Thus life is Nitrogen+Oxygen (7+8), and death is Carbon+Oxygen*2 (6+[7*2] or 6+7+7)
Another thing to take note of with the atomic table is the 3 numbers. The big one is the atomic number (in the nuclei) the seonc number, the decimal one is the atomic weight, there is a third that the physical table in our house has, the number of electrons, separated by the rings they form around the nuclei which is denoted by a dot and a series of numbers. It is this last number I want to talk about. In the chart below that is the comma separated numbers.
http://wallpapergravity.com/wallpap.....239/239716.jpg
The dispersal of Electrons follows another pattern (with the exception of those inside the 5B-8B columns, (Vanadium-23 through Darmstadtum-111) which is that for every column the ring of electrons passes is the same + a new number. That is to say (using 1B as our starting point):
Hydrogen-1 has a electron ring of 1
Lithium-3 has 2,1
Sodium-11 has 2,8,1
Potassium-19 has 2,8,8,1
Rubidium-37 has 2,8,18,8,1
Caesium-55 has 2,8,18,18,8, 1
and
Francium-87 has 2,8,18,32,18,8, 1
You will see this same trend in any column outside of the group described (5-8), as well as another trend, the first/most common 4 breakdowns are always 1,2,8, and 18. Even in the odd column is more or less the same trend wit hthe variant being 1 electron trading rings leading to cases lile 12,3 becoming 13,1 in the next row down. The real variation is in Column 8 which contains:
Nickel-28 2,8,16,2
Palladium-46 2,8,18,18
Platinum-78 2,8,18,32,17,1
and
Darmstadium-110 2,8,18,32,32,16,2
And even here there is some uniformity: Since Nickel is the base of the column (and double magic and most resistant to decay to boot) we have 2,8,16,2, Platinum caries this with a slight variation of 2,8,17,1, and Darmstadium is back to 2,8,16,2 but also has Platinum's 18 and 32. Palladium however shatters this mold together, it shares the 2 and the 8 but then has 18 and 18 which don't show up until we get to the numbers AFTER it and excludes 16 from Nickle, it lacks even the 1 point shift, instead it shifts Nickel's 16 by 2. Which as far as I can tell no other element shifts by 2.
As always I make no proclamations or foster any opinions upon you my ponies, I only simple state what I have observed as facts.
The f orbitals are close in energy to the d orbitals in the next shell out, likewise d orbitals are between the s and p orbitals of the next shell. There are 7 f orbitals, 5 d orbitals, 3 p orbitals and 1 s orbital in any given shell that has them[1].
Note that a given shell only has as many types of orbital as it's shell number, (shell 1 has only s, 2 has s and p, 3 has s, p and d and so on). Also note that the energies of the shells overlap, meaning that, in general, electrons fill in the following order:
1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s, 4d, 5p, 6s, 4f, 5d, 6p, etc.
Each orbital can hold 2 electrons, with a slight energy dip when every orbital of a set has one and again when they all have two. This dip can result in things like 3d104s1 being preferred to 3d94s2, but they are tight enough that the precise nuclear structure can determine when these shifts occur.
Nothing magic going on, just rather simple progressions with a few edge effects. The numerological matches are like they always are: You throw a pot of spaghetti at the wall and some of it sticks.
BTW: Whatever source you are using for group numbers sucks. In both of the old systems, IB is headed by copper, (Group 11 in the current IUPAC system), and neither has a VIIIB[2]. Also remember that element names are not proper nouns and that when you write 'elementname-number' you are actually referring to the isotope of that mass, (e.g. uranium-235).
[1] There are also 9 g orbitals once you hit the 5th shell, but nothing will use it in the ground state until at least unbiunium, (element 121), which has not yet been synthesized.
[2] One system has Group 10 as VIIIA and 18 as VIII, the other has 10 as VIII and 18 as 0.