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overflow when numbers are subtracted
General | Posted 11 years agowith unsigned binary numbers, overflow necessarily occurs when the bottom number is of greater value than the top number
this is because a borrow into the leftmost column will always occur (since the first 1 will always be in an equal or greater weighted position compared to the topmost number)
However, computers use the two's complement technique for subtraction, not the borrow technique, and therefore cannot test for for unsigned overflow during subtraction by checking for a borrow
but! It turns out that a borrow into the leftmost column occurs when subtracting with the borrow technique IF and ONLY IF a carry out of the leftmost column does NOT occur when subtracting with the two's complement technique! Thus, the indicator of overflow when subtracting unsigned numbers using the two's complement technique is no carry out of the leftmost column. Unfortunately, this is the exact opposite of the indicator of overflow when adding unsigned numbers (remember that a carry out of the leftmost column is the overflow indicator for unsigned addition).
So, with computers, when adding, the carry flag is set to the carry out of the leftmost column, and when subtracting, the carry flag is set to the complement of the carry out of the leftmost column. In both addition AND subtraction, a 1 in the carry flag indicates that unsigned overflow has occurred. Also, the carry flag functions as a borrow flag in a subtraction! A 1 in the carry flag means that a borrow would have occurred, had the borrow technique been used.
desperate sobbing
grad school, never again
this is because a borrow into the leftmost column will always occur (since the first 1 will always be in an equal or greater weighted position compared to the topmost number)
However, computers use the two's complement technique for subtraction, not the borrow technique, and therefore cannot test for for unsigned overflow during subtraction by checking for a borrow
but! It turns out that a borrow into the leftmost column occurs when subtracting with the borrow technique IF and ONLY IF a carry out of the leftmost column does NOT occur when subtracting with the two's complement technique! Thus, the indicator of overflow when subtracting unsigned numbers using the two's complement technique is no carry out of the leftmost column. Unfortunately, this is the exact opposite of the indicator of overflow when adding unsigned numbers (remember that a carry out of the leftmost column is the overflow indicator for unsigned addition).
So, with computers, when adding, the carry flag is set to the carry out of the leftmost column, and when subtracting, the carry flag is set to the complement of the carry out of the leftmost column. In both addition AND subtraction, a 1 in the carry flag indicates that unsigned overflow has occurred. Also, the carry flag functions as a borrow flag in a subtraction! A 1 in the carry flag means that a borrow would have occurred, had the borrow technique been used.
desperate sobbing
grad school, never again
Live your life like homerun kid
General | Posted 11 years agohttp://www.armydefense.com/music/st...../06_Sports.mp3
"be the kid"
and people wonder why I love these guys (Jose's "YEAH" at 0:43 gets me every single time, jfc)
Also, as far as I can tell, I got a 100 on my Computer Systems quiz, and I got my first Programming & Data Structures assignment in A-OK c: Thank you so much to everyone who was kind enough to help out!!
"be the kid"
and people wonder why I love these guys (Jose's "YEAH" at 0:43 gets me every single time, jfc)
Also, as far as I can tell, I got a 100 on my Computer Systems quiz, and I got my first Programming & Data Structures assignment in A-OK c: Thank you so much to everyone who was kind enough to help out!!
Class-Kicked Ass (Adder/Subtracter, Two's Complement)
General | Posted 11 years ago(refer to previous journal for 
atma505 LIFE STATUS 'n shizz)
My Computer Systems teacher is a nice guy but jesus almighty, he's moving through material faster than greased lightning
I've had a little help from folks, but this is a callout to anybody at all who knows anything about Number Systems and/or using Two's Complement in reference to an Adder/Subtracter Circuit
I'm transferring between decimal, binary and hex pretty good, and I can use two's complement no problem to negate a binary number, but I have no idea how in the world to apply it to an Adder/Subtracter with four Full Adders, or how to get the Carry Flag value, Overflow, Sign, True Sign, and whatever the heck Z is
This is the chart we're going by, btw: http://tinyurl.com/mzoe6vn
If anybody can help I'll love you forever
atma505 LIFE STATUS 'n shizz)My Computer Systems teacher is a nice guy but jesus almighty, he's moving through material faster than greased lightning
I've had a little help from folks, but this is a callout to anybody at all who knows anything about Number Systems and/or using Two's Complement in reference to an Adder/Subtracter Circuit
I'm transferring between decimal, binary and hex pretty good, and I can use two's complement no problem to negate a binary number, but I have no idea how in the world to apply it to an Adder/Subtracter with four Full Adders, or how to get the Carry Flag value, Overflow, Sign, True Sign, and whatever the heck Z is
This is the chart we're going by, btw: http://tinyurl.com/mzoe6vn
If anybody can help I'll love you forever
Atma Hiatus (kind of) - classes have begun
General | Posted 11 years agoToday was my first day of Computer Science Grad courses, guys!
Things are going great so far (everybody seems to be on roughly the same skill level as me and my teachers are hilarious), but it's pretty clear already that the workload is going to be high. This is essentially my second chance -- I can't mess up this time.
I'm going to be sparse on messengers and websites. Please keep in mind that this doesn't mean I don't love you anymore! I'm doing this so that I can continue to be happy for my friends and family in the long run, rather than just temporarily.
Please feel free to leave me comments, notes, offline messages on messengers, whatever! I'll still be around, of course, and I'd love to stay in as much contact as is possible without distracting me from my studies these next few months.
Thank you!
Things are going great so far (everybody seems to be on roughly the same skill level as me and my teachers are hilarious), but it's pretty clear already that the workload is going to be high. This is essentially my second chance -- I can't mess up this time.
I'm going to be sparse on messengers and websites. Please keep in mind that this doesn't mean I don't love you anymore! I'm doing this so that I can continue to be happy for my friends and family in the long run, rather than just temporarily.
Please feel free to leave me comments, notes, offline messages on messengers, whatever! I'll still be around, of course, and I'd love to stay in as much contact as is possible without distracting me from my studies these next few months.
Thank you! Piss Up a Rope
General | Posted 11 years agoJust in case you haven't listened to it yet today
Assumptions Meme
General | Posted 11 years agoI want to be cool, too...!
Post your assumptions about me, Tallo, my music, anything really. I'll let you know how warm or cold you are.
Post your assumptions about me, Tallo, my music, anything really. I'll let you know how warm or cold you are.
how do you forgive people
General | Posted 11 years agowho have ruined your life?
how do i let those feelings go?
There's so much anger, I can't stand it
I carry it with me everywhere
how do i let those feelings go?
There's so much anger, I can't stand it
I carry it with me everywhere
just gotta cry to some music sometimes
General | Posted 11 years agohttp://www.armydefense.com/music/st.....38_Tempest.mp3
i'm not ashamed
i'm not ashamed
Give me a challenging album
General | Posted 11 years agoAesthetics that take some time to appreciate, y'know?
I'm going to pass out, so I might not get to the first one until tomorrow night, but I appreciate any contributions.
I'm in that one mood
General | Posted 11 years agoThat one where you feel an incredible sense of melancholy trying to remember the times you spent with a friend who you never had the pleasure of meeting
oh, is that just me?
I don't know, I'm certainly not qualified to explain it
It might be memories I've dreamt up over the years of my relationship with my baby sister, had she survived until childbirth
or it could be dreams I've made up featuring anybody, I suppose
I don't feel like going to sleep quite yet...
oh, is that just me?
I don't know, I'm certainly not qualified to explain it
It might be memories I've dreamt up over the years of my relationship with my baby sister, had she survived until childbirth
or it could be dreams I've made up featuring anybody, I suppose
I don't feel like going to sleep quite yet...
someone sell me a modded Sega Saturn
General | Posted 11 years agopls i need it
Goodbye to our dog Clem
General | Posted 11 years agoClem the Bichon Frise, 1999-2014
He was our fluffy little pal! He went out very peacefully today, and it's already a very strange and empty atmosphere without him. It's the small things that you start to notice gradually -- I just made lunch, how come I don't have a dog jumping on my leg for his share?
Picture 1
Picture 2
He's in a better place now where he can have all of the treats, pizza crust and friends that he wants. Goodbye, good buddy. You added a lot of charm to a quiet household.
He was our fluffy little pal! He went out very peacefully today, and it's already a very strange and empty atmosphere without him. It's the small things that you start to notice gradually -- I just made lunch, how come I don't have a dog jumping on my leg for his share?
Picture 1
Picture 2
He's in a better place now where he can have all of the treats, pizza crust and friends that he wants. Goodbye, good buddy. You added a lot of charm to a quiet household.
Losing my self-worth: A history
General | Posted 11 years ago There was a time when my dad got fed up with his job and decided to begin his own medical distribution company. It was around the same time I started facing college as well as the workload that came with applications: Housing, becoming my own independent self. With my parents working from a blank slate to produce a completely new business, they were able to spare little time for me, and my work ethic all but disappeared. I turned to video games and my internet buddies to seek the guidance that a college-bound teenager so desperately craves. I sought this accompaniment from furries. Do you have any idea how bad of an idea that was?
I became close to a friend of a friend, a fox in his early twenties who was an able composer and a man whose morals and abilities as an artist I greatly respected. A person who I looked up to. A person who I was intimate with -- we were no strangers to hugging, kissing, and sex. As our relationship deepened, I asked if I could call him my father. Although he seemed hesitant at first, he soon embraced the idea, and I was ecstatic to have someone so dear to me consider me important and vice versa. After that, I didn't see him for several days. A week. Worried, I asked our mutual friend what had happened. He told me that my newfound father had ceased all communication with me -- just me -- because our relationship had put far too much stress on him. Devastated, I reached out with tears in my eyes, and shouted through my screen, "Give him back! Give me back my friend! My dad!" I was refused, and soon learned that the fox and our mutual friend had become a dedicated couple. I felt like a dog who was taken out to a picnic and then consequently deserted. You know, like in those Looney Tunes episodes.
It was a downward spiral from there on. I continued to seek out companionship, I suppose to fill the void caused by my parents' constant inattention and loud arguing. I wasn't used to rejection. The furries I'd met up until this point were, for the most part, accepting and open-minded people regarding their relationships with others. I didn't know what it meant to be refused as a friend.
Now an avid member of FA, I sought out people who had simple art styles and who would often draw comics with an intent to amuse. I suppose I was drawn to their ability to convey simple ideas in a way that lots of people could quickly relate to and love. I felt that, as a result, conversation together would be easy. These people, often bombarded by fans perhaps looking for the same level of attention as I, often wanted nothing to do with me, especially once our conversations proved that I had nothing stimulating to offer for their time. They told me to leave them be, and then resorted to blocking me from websites and messengers. Intent that I could somehow turn their opinions around, I proceeded to build a horrible reputation as a stalker, messaging people from multiple accounts. Words of my actions spread, and people who I'd never even met or talked to prior suddenly added me to their block lists preemptively. I felt more dejected and lonely than I ever had before. Fearing only ostracization from my parents had I attempted to explain my position, I continued my unfortunate habits, compounded by experimentation with new and mostly ineffective medications for depression & anxiety.
Now, popular artists in a fanbase such as this often have close followers. Ones who desire praise and affection like I did, but exacting alternative methods to try and achieve them. Unprovoked, they would message me and tell me how awful of a person I was. They told me to "stay away from their favorite artist!" "Stay away from this website! "Stay away from the fandom!" "Go away and die already!" I become expectant that people whom I'd never met before hated me. I was suspicious of everyone. To feel so cold, so dejected, there was no worse feeling in the world to me. I cried often during this time.
Over years of time, I've made up with a number of people who I didn't get along with. But to this day, I still have nightmares of friends that I have now and friends that I had before screaming at me. Telling me that I'm worthless. I often wake up in the morning sad, lonely, and wanting to be by myself. My brain tells me to avoid life. I do my best to tell it to go fuck itself. Bullying has hurt me more than you could ever imagine. If I have hurt anybody else who didn't warrant it, then I dearly and deeply apologize to them. No human being with worth deserves that sort of disrespect from anybody else.
I became close to a friend of a friend, a fox in his early twenties who was an able composer and a man whose morals and abilities as an artist I greatly respected. A person who I looked up to. A person who I was intimate with -- we were no strangers to hugging, kissing, and sex. As our relationship deepened, I asked if I could call him my father. Although he seemed hesitant at first, he soon embraced the idea, and I was ecstatic to have someone so dear to me consider me important and vice versa. After that, I didn't see him for several days. A week. Worried, I asked our mutual friend what had happened. He told me that my newfound father had ceased all communication with me -- just me -- because our relationship had put far too much stress on him. Devastated, I reached out with tears in my eyes, and shouted through my screen, "Give him back! Give me back my friend! My dad!" I was refused, and soon learned that the fox and our mutual friend had become a dedicated couple. I felt like a dog who was taken out to a picnic and then consequently deserted. You know, like in those Looney Tunes episodes.
It was a downward spiral from there on. I continued to seek out companionship, I suppose to fill the void caused by my parents' constant inattention and loud arguing. I wasn't used to rejection. The furries I'd met up until this point were, for the most part, accepting and open-minded people regarding their relationships with others. I didn't know what it meant to be refused as a friend.
Now an avid member of FA, I sought out people who had simple art styles and who would often draw comics with an intent to amuse. I suppose I was drawn to their ability to convey simple ideas in a way that lots of people could quickly relate to and love. I felt that, as a result, conversation together would be easy. These people, often bombarded by fans perhaps looking for the same level of attention as I, often wanted nothing to do with me, especially once our conversations proved that I had nothing stimulating to offer for their time. They told me to leave them be, and then resorted to blocking me from websites and messengers. Intent that I could somehow turn their opinions around, I proceeded to build a horrible reputation as a stalker, messaging people from multiple accounts. Words of my actions spread, and people who I'd never even met or talked to prior suddenly added me to their block lists preemptively. I felt more dejected and lonely than I ever had before. Fearing only ostracization from my parents had I attempted to explain my position, I continued my unfortunate habits, compounded by experimentation with new and mostly ineffective medications for depression & anxiety.
Now, popular artists in a fanbase such as this often have close followers. Ones who desire praise and affection like I did, but exacting alternative methods to try and achieve them. Unprovoked, they would message me and tell me how awful of a person I was. They told me to "stay away from their favorite artist!" "Stay away from this website! "Stay away from the fandom!" "Go away and die already!" I become expectant that people whom I'd never met before hated me. I was suspicious of everyone. To feel so cold, so dejected, there was no worse feeling in the world to me. I cried often during this time.
Over years of time, I've made up with a number of people who I didn't get along with. But to this day, I still have nightmares of friends that I have now and friends that I had before screaming at me. Telling me that I'm worthless. I often wake up in the morning sad, lonely, and wanting to be by myself. My brain tells me to avoid life. I do my best to tell it to go fuck itself. Bullying has hurt me more than you could ever imagine. If I have hurt anybody else who didn't warrant it, then I dearly and deeply apologize to them. No human being with worth deserves that sort of disrespect from anybody else.
Sorry Pittsburgh...
General | Posted 11 years agoGO RANGERS!!
Ridiculously close game though. I'm scared of both our options... Canadiens or the Bruins. :B Beat each other up real good, okay?
Ridiculously close game though. I'm scared of both our options... Canadiens or the Bruins. :B Beat each other up real good, okay?
HOENN CONFIRMED
General | Posted 11 years agoPokemon Showdown
General | Posted 11 years agoAny of you folks play? I just started today!
Add me... if there's a friends list? Help me build a team if you'd like, I've only been doing Random matchups.
username:
atma505
Add me... if there's a friends list? Help me build a team if you'd like, I've only been doing Random matchups.
username:
atma505
I try to be a good person
General | Posted 11 years agoMust word-of-mouth define us?
TMI Tuesday? Ask me stuff
General | Posted 11 years agoAll questions will be answered :D
concept albums
General | Posted 12 years agoTell me about your favorite albums that follow a story, have a repeating musical theme, or where (at least some of) the songs are strung together!
Bubsy 3D 2 finally released
General | Posted 12 years ago"check it out"
http://bubsy3d.com/
http://bubsy3d.com/
Muh head ;w;
General | Posted 12 years agoWaking up with pretty debilitating headaches in the morningtime... I wish I never had to sleep
Slowly weening my way off of benzodiazepines at the moment, it's not a fun process but I'm really determined to return to my brain's natural state, since I've been taking meds for quite a few years now and I really want to discover my abilities without them (potential weight loss, increased sex drive, loss of my shitty vertigo/dizzy spells? hopefully?)
Anybody else have to go through this shitty withdrawal at some point? Any advice?
Slowly weening my way off of benzodiazepines at the moment, it's not a fun process but I'm really determined to return to my brain's natural state, since I've been taking meds for quite a few years now and I really want to discover my abilities without them (potential weight loss, increased sex drive, loss of my shitty vertigo/dizzy spells? hopefully?)
Anybody else have to go through this shitty withdrawal at some point? Any advice?
It'll be my Birthday when I wake up!
General | Posted 12 years agoSO LEAVE MILK AND COOKIES
25? Twenty-five!?
I don't remember turning 24 :\
But that's k. I think I can rent cars without extra fines now.
's m' birthdah
25? Twenty-five!?
I don't remember turning 24 :\
But that's k. I think I can rent cars without extra fines now.
's m' birthdah
If you haven't seen this cover of Total Eclipse of the Heart
General | Posted 12 years agothen you owe it to yourself.
Pokémon X
General | Posted 12 years agoOh hello!
I just touched down by plane from Florida to New York. I'm back in Wi-Fi and I think it's about time we shared friend codes.
5000-2470-3675
Take me and Chespin on bitches >:U
I just touched down by plane from Florida to New York. I'm back in Wi-Fi and I think it's about time we shared friend codes.
5000-2470-3675
Take me and Chespin on bitches >:U
I lost a friend this week
General | Posted 12 years agoShe was only 25. Her passing was a complete surprise, the only evidence that we have is that she experienced a concussion earlier in the week due to bad reactions to medication. Autopsy results are ongoing at this point.
I hadn't seen her in person for quite a few months, but we talked almost every day online or through texts. She was always ready to hang out and play video games or watch movies, but work would always get in the way for one of us or the other. I was hoping to see her later this month for my 25th Birthday celebration, but I'll only be able to envision her warching over us. I feel very guilty that we put off seeing each other for so long... if there's a friend that you miss, please reach out and talk to them sooner rather than later!
I miss you, Jill. I hope you're in a better place.
I hadn't seen her in person for quite a few months, but we talked almost every day online or through texts. She was always ready to hang out and play video games or watch movies, but work would always get in the way for one of us or the other. I was hoping to see her later this month for my 25th Birthday celebration, but I'll only be able to envision her warching over us. I feel very guilty that we put off seeing each other for so long... if there's a friend that you miss, please reach out and talk to them sooner rather than later!
I miss you, Jill. I hope you're in a better place.
