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Posted 5 years 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
HYPEREMESIS
Posted 5 years agoHypereme[color=#a03f34]s[/color]is gravidar[color=#9b443b]u[/color]m (HG) is a pregnanc[color=#924c47]y[/color] complica[color=#8e504c]t[/color]ion that is characte[color=#865858]r[/color]ized by severe nausea, vomiting[color=#796569],[/color] weight loss, and possibly dehydrat[color=#6b737d]i[/color]on.[1] Feeling faint may also occur.[2[color=#5b8293]][/color] It is consider[color=#55899b]e[/color]d more severe than morning sickness[color=#4697af].[/color][2] Symptoms often get better after the 20th week of pregnanc[color=#2dafd1]y[/color] but may last the entire pregnanc[color=#23b8e0]y[/color] duration[color=#23b8e1].[/color][2]
The exact causes of hypereme[color=#24b5e4]s[/color]is gravidar[color=#24b4e5]u[/color]m are unknown.[color=#24b3e6][[/color]3] Risk factors include the first pregnanc[color=#25afea]y[/color], multiple pregnanc[color=#26aeec]y[/color], obesity, prior or family history of HG, trophobl[color=#27aaf1]a[/color]stic disorder[color=#27a9f2],[/color] and a history of eating disorder[color=#28a6f6]s[/color].[3][4] Diagnosi[color=#28a5f7]s[/color] is usually made based on the observed signs and symptoms[color=#29a0fd].[/color][3] HG has been technica[color=#2f9bf6]l[/color]ly defined as more than three episodes of vomiting per day such that weight loss of 5% or three kilogram[color=#4c81d5]s[/color] has occurred and ketones are present in the urine.[3[color=#5b75c4]][/color] Other potentia[color=#6071bf]l[/color] causes of the symptoms should be excluded[color=#6c66b2],[/color] includin[color=#6e64af]g[/color] urinary tract infectio[color=#755ea7]n[/color] and an overacti[color=#7a5aa2]v[/color]e thyroid.[color=#7d589f][[/color]5]
Treatmen[color=#80559b]t[/color] includes drinking fluids and a bland diet.[2] Recommen[color=#784986]d[/color]ations may include electrol[color=#73437b]y[/color]te-repla6e3c6f],[/color] and a higher protein diet.[3][color=#693663][[/color]7] Some women require intraven[color=#632f56]o[/color]us fluids.[[color=#612d52]2[/color]] With respect to medicati[color=#5d2747]o[/color]ns, pyridoxi[color=#5b2442]n[/color]e or metoclop[color=#58213d]r[/color]amide are preferre[color=#551d36]d[/color].[5] Prochlor[color=#521a30]p[/color]erazine,4f1629]r[/color]inate, or ondanset[color=#4c1222]r[/color]on may be used if these are not effectiv[color=#47132e]e[/color].[3][5] Hospital[color=#441436]i[/color]zation may be required[color=#411640].[/color][3] Psychoth[color=#401646]e[/color]rapy may improve outcomes[color=#3c1851].[/color][3] Evidence for acupress[color=#391a5d]u[/color]re is poor.[3]
While vomiting in pregnanc[color=#341c6f]y[/color] has been describe[color=#311e77]d[/color] as early as 2,000 BC, the first clear medical descript[color=#2a2190]i[/color]on of HG was in 1852 by Paul Antoine Dubois.[[color=#2424a4]8[/color]] HG is estimate[color=#2225ac]d[/color] to affect 0.3–2.0% of pregnant women.[6[color=#1e2c9a]][/color] While previous[color=#1d2e93]l[/color]y known as a common cause of death in pregnanc[color=#18367f]y[/color], with proper treatmen[color=#163a75]t[/color] this is now very rare.[9][color=#143e69][[/color]10] Those affected have a lower risk of miscarri[color=#0f4654]a[/color]ge but a higher risk of prematur[color=#0c4c46]e[/color] birth.[4[color=#0b4d42]][/color] Some pregnant women choose to have an abortion due to HG symptoms[color=#055825].[/color][7]
The exact causes of hypereme[color=#
Treatmen[color=#
While vomiting in pregnanc[color=#
No Subject
Posted 6 years agoAbsolute zero is the lowest limit of the thermody[color=#18428d]n[/color]amic temperat[color=#17438f]u[/color]re scale, a state at which the enthalpy and entropy of a cooled ideal gas reach their minimum value, taken as zero kelvin (0 K, not 0°K). The fundamen[color=#134ea2]t[/color]al particle[color=#134fa4]s[/color] of nature have minimum vibratio[color=#1251a8]n[/color]al motion, retainin[color=#1252aa]g[/color] only quantum mechanic[color=#1154ad]a[/color]l, zero-poi[color=#1155af]n[/color]t energy-i[color=#1056b0]n[/color]duced particle motion. The theoreti[color=#0f58b5]c[/color]al temperat[color=#0f59b6]u[/color]re is determin[color=#0f5ab8]e[/color]d by extrapol[color=#0e5bba]a[/color]ting the ideal gas law; by internat[color=#0d5ebf]i[/color]onal agreemen[color=#0d5fc0]t[/color], absolute zero is taken as −273.15° on the Celsius scale (Interna[color=#0b64c9]t[/color]ional System of Units),[[color=#0b66cc]1[/color]][2] which equals −459.67° on the Fahrenhe[color=#0969d2]i[/color]t scale (United States customar[color=#096bd6]y[/color] units or Imperial units).[[color=#086dd9]3[/color]] The correspo[color=#076edb]n[/color]ding Kelvin and Rankine temperat[color=#0771df]u[/color]re scales set their zero points at absolute zero by definiti[color=#0575e7]o[/color]n.
It is commonly thought of as the lowest temperat[color=#0479ee]u[/color]re possible[color=#037aef],[/color] but it is not the lowest enthalpy state possible[color=#027ef5],[/color] because all real substanc[color=#017ff9]e[/color]s begin to depart from the ideal gas when cooled as they approach the change of state to liquid, and then to solid; and the sum of the enthalpy of vaporiza[color=#0091fa]t[/color]ion (gas to liquid) and enthalpy of fusion (liquid to solid) exceeds the ideal gas's change in enthalpy to absolute zero. In the quantum-[color=#00a3f3]m[/color]echanica00a6f2]i[/color]on, matter (solid) at absolute zero is in its ground state, the point of lowest internal energy.
The laws of thermody[color=#00b5ed]n[/color]amics indicate that absolute zero cannot be reached using only thermody[color=#00bfe9]n[/color]amic means, because the temperat[color=#00c3e8]u[/color]re of the substanc[color=#00c6e7]e[/color] being cooled approach[color=#00c9e6]e[/color]s the temperat[color=#00cbe5]u[/color]re of the cooling agent asymptot[color=#00cfe3]i[/color]cally,[400d6e1]s[/color] quantum mechanic[color=#00d8e0]a[/color]l zero-poi[color=#00dadf]n[/color]t energy, the energy of its ground state at absolute zero. The kinetic energy of the ground state cannot be removed.
Scientis[color=#00ead9]t[/color]s and technolo[color=#00ecd9]g[/color]ists routinel[color=#00eed8]y[/color] achieve temperat[color=#00f1d7]u[/color]res close to absolute zero, where matter exhibits quantum effects such as supercon[color=#00fbd3]d[/color]uctivity00fed2]i[/color]dity.
