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IRR = Interesting Reads on Reddit. A mostly weekly thing I just started doing here.
Where are all the native american restaurants? Was such a thing ever popular in the US? - r/askhistorians
So given the US's history with native americans, it's easy to guess what happened. But one of the great reasons I love askHistorians is that the commenters are not only well-educated (and the comments well-sourced), but their writing is entertaining to read and usually makes me excited about whatever the subject is. It happens both here in this question and the one about carpet I'll link next.
But what's interesting here (aside from this question, and this is a theme because wow a lot of these questions are so interesting, I've never thought of them), is that when I think about the US and food, I think about how varied it is and how how really, to me, Americans don't have a very "american' food culture thing going on. Now, obviously this is wrong, but it's my first thought when thinking about USA food culture. The top comments in this thread not only point out how the current US/foreign food culture developed, but also just how hard it tried to screw over the emergence of foreign food. And not in the "We won't eat this stuff" way. But in the malicious "We'll just destroy any chance of you actually even being able to make the food in the first place" way. Which, while evil, is also really interesting (albeit sad) to me.
But it also made me wonder.. Why, in the current climate, do we not CURRENTLY have any native american food restaurants? That seems like it might be kind of popular, even if only as a talking piece. And this commenter highlights why we don't, but gives us hope, because there's some efforts today to not only revive native american cuisine but also operate a restaurant or two. Sioux Chef is one such place.
Pretty neat!
In the United States, when and for what reason did homes begin to have carpet installed throughout whole rooms (as opposed to large area rugs over wooden floors)? - r/askhistorians
I like carpet. I forgot carpet wasn't always the norm.
Turns out the norm used to be covering hardwood floors with rugs. Then some geniuses thought carpet was better. The rug companies were slow to catch up, but finally ran a mass marketing campaign about how great the real deal was. Spoiler alert: Americans are cheap assholes, and the marketing campaign ended up selling a whole bunch of cheap/fake fabric carpet instead!
This answer is an entertaining tromp through some really funny tenets of american culture/consumerism, and it's a super fun read because the writer is far more talented than he deserves to be when writing about something as supposedly inane as carpeted floors.
When did native American language revitalisation efforts start? - r/askhistorians
"Darn Bornes, you're linking a ton of askhistorians lately. What's the deal?" Idk, it's a phase?? The marketing on social media for AH was super effective these last few weeks. Twitter, Facebook, and of course reddit the source. I've been seeing them everywhere and it's only natural some stuff catches my eye, I'm sorry!
So if you were unaware, nearly every country tried super hard to kill off the culture and language of the indigenous peoples. But most people are aware of that, which is what makes this question interesting, because it focuses on the revitalization. I took a guided trip to the island of Ireland in 2015, for 14 days, and there learned about the hardships of their native language Gaelic. They dedicated a whole group of islands and said "You can live here for free, as long as you are fluent in Gaelic and promise to only speak Gaelic." That's the short version of The Aran Islands anyway. At this time, I lived in Hawaii, which is also going under its own language revitalization efforts, trying to make sure the Hawai'ian language doesn't die. There's a similarity to Ireland there as Hawai'i too has its own Hawai'ian language Island - Ni'ihau - which is privately owned and closed to the public. But the state also has Hawai'ian language schools called the Kamehemeha schools. I believe Ireland may have some Gaelic-language schools, but am unsure.
Anyway, the point being is, I did study a bit of Linguisitics when I was in Hawai'i and dying languages were especially interesting to me. So why is it, then, that I did not even think about Native American languages? The whole answer is of course, interesting, but my main takeaway was the Lingua Franca of the time was a sign language!!!
Another sweet parallel to an experience in my life because Sign Languages interest me a lot, although I've only been concentrating on learning ASL due to my own limits. I don't know why I never thought Native Americans would have their own sign language as well but to think it was a lingua franca!!! wow!
In 1930 an american General (Scott) organized a conference on the language, with the goal of encouraging the language to be preserved. to the best of my knowledge this is the earliest government directed efforts to directly encourage any language, as all previous efforts had been to discourage language use, and in fact most government efforts even to this day seem to be negative.
So not only was it the lingua franca, but it was also the FIRST language they attempted to preserve! Just wow wow wow. And there's even video from the conference!
Such a great question and answer!!
Adults who were born blind still gesture when they talk, and their gestures resemble those of other native speakers - r/psychology
!!! I rambled enough for the above links, but this keeps with this weeks theme of linguistics & culture, I suppose. But wow!!! Everything about this is wow!!! Gestures are connected to spoken language, but not sight, but they're not innately learned because gestures for different languages differ!!
I can only hope other people find this as exciting as I do lol!
The aspects of how language alter how we view the world is a subject I have always been pretty curious in, always exciting to see studies/news based on this concept for me.
Aldi recalls peanut packets because they contain nuts - r/nottheonion
Changing gears now. Maybe I'm just stupid/ignorant, or maybe this will be as mindblowing to others as it was to me: those comments!
tldr: peanuts aren't nuts, strawberries aren't berries, and corns are grass! mind blown.
Three billionaires are wealthier than half the US population—According to a new report by the Institute for Policy Studies, Jeff Bezos, Bill Gates and Warren Buffett now own more wealth than the poorest half of the US population, some 160 million people. - r/truereddit
I've got really nothing to add, I just tend to try and put at least one link of that sobering, depressing reality into IRR every so often. This is today's.
Redditors who are against a universal healthcare system in the US, why? - r/askreddit
This links directly to a comment where someone compares USA health insurance to car insurance. I don't really have anything to add here either, other than that it's a pretty interesting comment and does bring to light some issues the US still needs to face before we can really fix our health care problems.
Thanks for reading! Hope you all have a great week(s)!
Where are all the native american restaurants? Was such a thing ever popular in the US? - r/askhistorians
So given the US's history with native americans, it's easy to guess what happened. But one of the great reasons I love askHistorians is that the commenters are not only well-educated (and the comments well-sourced), but their writing is entertaining to read and usually makes me excited about whatever the subject is. It happens both here in this question and the one about carpet I'll link next.
But what's interesting here (aside from this question, and this is a theme because wow a lot of these questions are so interesting, I've never thought of them), is that when I think about the US and food, I think about how varied it is and how how really, to me, Americans don't have a very "american' food culture thing going on. Now, obviously this is wrong, but it's my first thought when thinking about USA food culture. The top comments in this thread not only point out how the current US/foreign food culture developed, but also just how hard it tried to screw over the emergence of foreign food. And not in the "We won't eat this stuff" way. But in the malicious "We'll just destroy any chance of you actually even being able to make the food in the first place" way. Which, while evil, is also really interesting (albeit sad) to me.
But it also made me wonder.. Why, in the current climate, do we not CURRENTLY have any native american food restaurants? That seems like it might be kind of popular, even if only as a talking piece. And this commenter highlights why we don't, but gives us hope, because there's some efforts today to not only revive native american cuisine but also operate a restaurant or two. Sioux Chef is one such place.
Pretty neat!
In the United States, when and for what reason did homes begin to have carpet installed throughout whole rooms (as opposed to large area rugs over wooden floors)? - r/askhistorians
I like carpet. I forgot carpet wasn't always the norm.
Turns out the norm used to be covering hardwood floors with rugs. Then some geniuses thought carpet was better. The rug companies were slow to catch up, but finally ran a mass marketing campaign about how great the real deal was. Spoiler alert: Americans are cheap assholes, and the marketing campaign ended up selling a whole bunch of cheap/fake fabric carpet instead!
This answer is an entertaining tromp through some really funny tenets of american culture/consumerism, and it's a super fun read because the writer is far more talented than he deserves to be when writing about something as supposedly inane as carpeted floors.
When did native American language revitalisation efforts start? - r/askhistorians
"Darn Bornes, you're linking a ton of askhistorians lately. What's the deal?" Idk, it's a phase?? The marketing on social media for AH was super effective these last few weeks. Twitter, Facebook, and of course reddit the source. I've been seeing them everywhere and it's only natural some stuff catches my eye, I'm sorry!
So if you were unaware, nearly every country tried super hard to kill off the culture and language of the indigenous peoples. But most people are aware of that, which is what makes this question interesting, because it focuses on the revitalization. I took a guided trip to the island of Ireland in 2015, for 14 days, and there learned about the hardships of their native language Gaelic. They dedicated a whole group of islands and said "You can live here for free, as long as you are fluent in Gaelic and promise to only speak Gaelic." That's the short version of The Aran Islands anyway. At this time, I lived in Hawaii, which is also going under its own language revitalization efforts, trying to make sure the Hawai'ian language doesn't die. There's a similarity to Ireland there as Hawai'i too has its own Hawai'ian language Island - Ni'ihau - which is privately owned and closed to the public. But the state also has Hawai'ian language schools called the Kamehemeha schools. I believe Ireland may have some Gaelic-language schools, but am unsure.
Anyway, the point being is, I did study a bit of Linguisitics when I was in Hawai'i and dying languages were especially interesting to me. So why is it, then, that I did not even think about Native American languages? The whole answer is of course, interesting, but my main takeaway was the Lingua Franca of the time was a sign language!!!
Another sweet parallel to an experience in my life because Sign Languages interest me a lot, although I've only been concentrating on learning ASL due to my own limits. I don't know why I never thought Native Americans would have their own sign language as well but to think it was a lingua franca!!! wow!
In 1930 an american General (Scott) organized a conference on the language, with the goal of encouraging the language to be preserved. to the best of my knowledge this is the earliest government directed efforts to directly encourage any language, as all previous efforts had been to discourage language use, and in fact most government efforts even to this day seem to be negative.
So not only was it the lingua franca, but it was also the FIRST language they attempted to preserve! Just wow wow wow. And there's even video from the conference!
Such a great question and answer!!
Adults who were born blind still gesture when they talk, and their gestures resemble those of other native speakers - r/psychology
!!! I rambled enough for the above links, but this keeps with this weeks theme of linguistics & culture, I suppose. But wow!!! Everything about this is wow!!! Gestures are connected to spoken language, but not sight, but they're not innately learned because gestures for different languages differ!!
I can only hope other people find this as exciting as I do lol!
The aspects of how language alter how we view the world is a subject I have always been pretty curious in, always exciting to see studies/news based on this concept for me.
Aldi recalls peanut packets because they contain nuts - r/nottheonion
Changing gears now. Maybe I'm just stupid/ignorant, or maybe this will be as mindblowing to others as it was to me: those comments!
tldr: peanuts aren't nuts, strawberries aren't berries, and corns are grass! mind blown.
Three billionaires are wealthier than half the US population—According to a new report by the Institute for Policy Studies, Jeff Bezos, Bill Gates and Warren Buffett now own more wealth than the poorest half of the US population, some 160 million people. - r/truereddit
I've got really nothing to add, I just tend to try and put at least one link of that sobering, depressing reality into IRR every so often. This is today's.
Redditors who are against a universal healthcare system in the US, why? - r/askreddit
This links directly to a comment where someone compares USA health insurance to car insurance. I don't really have anything to add here either, other than that it's a pretty interesting comment and does bring to light some issues the US still needs to face before we can really fix our health care problems.
Thanks for reading! Hope you all have a great week(s)!
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File Size 11.4 kB
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Comment from 
AO-Taku :
Unfortunately, there isn't much I can contribute to a lot of these topics. I'm, ah, I'm just a silly country boy, y'see... Still.
Carpet vs Wood & Rugs
I've... always been around wood flooring myself. I've moved across several states and homes, though, so it isn't as though one or the other is a phenomena. But I'd say wood flooring is generally better as it is easier to clean. Carpet can get all forms of dirt embedded deeply, stains, and such that make tarnish the floor as a whole. Wood flooring on the other hand, the hard surface makes for an incredibly easy task of cleaning -- though scratches are an issues, as are sometimes chemical misuse (but I suppose that goes for carpet, too). Plus with rugs, you can just take them outside for hosing, scrubbing, etc. Whereas carpet is... stuck to the floor. Whenever we've moved into a house with carpet, it is usually the first thing to be renovated (insert: Removed). That being said, we don't use massive rugs to cover the entire flooring; just big enough ones to buffer tables and the like.
Anyway. I find incredibly intelligent people like to, more often than I'd expect, spend time deeply analyzing something... you wouldn't expect to be. Y'know. Particularly... Well, I don't like using the word important, but I can't think of any good synonyms. An example of this, slightly comedic (to me), is this YT video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kpk.....Ph0A&t=11s
It apparently used to be a big thing, but I still like looking back on this and... well, you can see for yourself. 24min long, but you can probably get an idea of what I'm talking about from just a couple minutes. Doesn't matter though.
Blind Gestures
I had always thought there might be some fashion of "universal/basic" signing gestures people could understand. Like for drinking, eating, violence, etc. I've tried writing characters like this before, too, and it's a lot of fun. That being said, I was drafting an Italian character once and -- as I enjoy research -- was examining how native Italians spoke, specifically in regards to hand movements. Some of it is similar to what I'd expect in the States, but the majority of it was completely different. There's still some type of "raw emotion" in the gestures I think that transcends borders, specifically when it comes to the more aggressive gestures, though.
But. That's all cultural, really. From my understanding. Picking up on these "signing cues" without sight... hm. I'm thinking over how I use gestures and what emphasis I've trying to make with them. For the most part, its symbolic to the emotional message I'm trying to convey, but I've not though too hard about it. I would like to know, as someone in the thread brought up, how a Multi-lingual person might gesture. You seem pretty educated in other languages, Bornes. I wonder if you've noticed yourself doing anything like performing separate styles of gesturing depending upon the language.
Peanuts contain peanuts
It's funny to hear; though I actually knew this already, subconsciously perhaps. I have a severe peanut allergy but can eat other nuts -- sans peanut-mixed processing -- without keeling over permanently. I was sort of taught that nuts from the ground, not trees, are the lethal types for me but.... I guess we were just using idiotic phrasing. Legumes, not ground nuts (I feel like I'm misunderstanding something there...:/ )
But I can definitely see corn as grass. It's basically just a grass stalk that's... what, 500% bigger? Shape and structure doesn't seem too far out. Palm trees on the other hand... no. I, I'm not sure how I feel about palm trees being grass...
Universal Healthcare in the US
I'm not too familiar with the exact terms Universal vs Single-payer. From what I can tell, it tends to link itself with free healthcare like in Canada (not always though). So on the latter basis, I'd have to say I'm against it. Competition, even though our way of it in the US could use some work, is generally a good idea. Someone I know is a medical case consultant who works with medical insurance and affecting gov't policies all the time. She's constantly insulting Canada about their healthcare system and how it leads to dismal rates of care; I've spoken with a few Canadians on it, too. I forget their exact words, but the amount of taxes required to substitute healthcare cost along with diminished medical standards (in comparison) makes the US look a much better prospect.
Of course, I'm sort of derailing onto a topic about free healthcare instead of Universal; but this is more or less the first time I've really heard about the system, distinctly, and wanted to offer what I could on the subject.
I'm kind of typing this in somewhat of a haze, so I apologize if things came out spotty or offensive. I'll be sure to apologize if that's the case.
AO-Taku :Unfortunately, there isn't much I can contribute to a lot of these topics. I'm, ah, I'm just a silly country boy, y'see... Still.
Carpet vs Wood & Rugs
I've... always been around wood flooring myself. I've moved across several states and homes, though, so it isn't as though one or the other is a phenomena. But I'd say wood flooring is generally better as it is easier to clean. Carpet can get all forms of dirt embedded deeply, stains, and such that make tarnish the floor as a whole. Wood flooring on the other hand, the hard surface makes for an incredibly easy task of cleaning -- though scratches are an issues, as are sometimes chemical misuse (but I suppose that goes for carpet, too). Plus with rugs, you can just take them outside for hosing, scrubbing, etc. Whereas carpet is... stuck to the floor. Whenever we've moved into a house with carpet, it is usually the first thing to be renovated (insert: Removed). That being said, we don't use massive rugs to cover the entire flooring; just big enough ones to buffer tables and the like.
Anyway. I find incredibly intelligent people like to, more often than I'd expect, spend time deeply analyzing something... you wouldn't expect to be. Y'know. Particularly... Well, I don't like using the word important, but I can't think of any good synonyms. An example of this, slightly comedic (to me), is this YT video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kpk.....Ph0A&t=11s
It apparently used to be a big thing, but I still like looking back on this and... well, you can see for yourself. 24min long, but you can probably get an idea of what I'm talking about from just a couple minutes. Doesn't matter though.
Blind Gestures
I had always thought there might be some fashion of "universal/basic" signing gestures people could understand. Like for drinking, eating, violence, etc. I've tried writing characters like this before, too, and it's a lot of fun. That being said, I was drafting an Italian character once and -- as I enjoy research -- was examining how native Italians spoke, specifically in regards to hand movements. Some of it is similar to what I'd expect in the States, but the majority of it was completely different. There's still some type of "raw emotion" in the gestures I think that transcends borders, specifically when it comes to the more aggressive gestures, though.
But. That's all cultural, really. From my understanding. Picking up on these "signing cues" without sight... hm. I'm thinking over how I use gestures and what emphasis I've trying to make with them. For the most part, its symbolic to the emotional message I'm trying to convey, but I've not though too hard about it. I would like to know, as someone in the thread brought up, how a Multi-lingual person might gesture. You seem pretty educated in other languages, Bornes. I wonder if you've noticed yourself doing anything like performing separate styles of gesturing depending upon the language.
Peanuts contain peanuts
It's funny to hear; though I actually knew this already, subconsciously perhaps. I have a severe peanut allergy but can eat other nuts -- sans peanut-mixed processing -- without keeling over permanently. I was sort of taught that nuts from the ground, not trees, are the lethal types for me but.... I guess we were just using idiotic phrasing. Legumes, not ground nuts (I feel like I'm misunderstanding something there...:/ )
But I can definitely see corn as grass. It's basically just a grass stalk that's... what, 500% bigger? Shape and structure doesn't seem too far out. Palm trees on the other hand... no. I, I'm not sure how I feel about palm trees being grass...
Universal Healthcare in the US
I'm not too familiar with the exact terms Universal vs Single-payer. From what I can tell, it tends to link itself with free healthcare like in Canada (not always though). So on the latter basis, I'd have to say I'm against it. Competition, even though our way of it in the US could use some work, is generally a good idea. Someone I know is a medical case consultant who works with medical insurance and affecting gov't policies all the time. She's constantly insulting Canada about their healthcare system and how it leads to dismal rates of care; I've spoken with a few Canadians on it, too. I forget their exact words, but the amount of taxes required to substitute healthcare cost along with diminished medical standards (in comparison) makes the US look a much better prospect.
Of course, I'm sort of derailing onto a topic about free healthcare instead of Universal; but this is more or less the first time I've really heard about the system, distinctly, and wanted to offer what I could on the subject.
I'm kind of typing this in somewhat of a haze, so I apologize if things came out spotty or offensive. I'll be sure to apologize if that's the case.
Carpet
Yeah hardwoord is easier to clean. Maybe I'm just dumb, but I've never been able to clean a rug very well. So I prefer carpeting over a rug anyway.
My family is a bunch of landlords and landlords everywhere agree carpeting sucks. I however prefer it. I like to be barefoot in my house and carpet just makes that more comfortable. When I was in apartments I bought my own carpeting (the extra cheap crap, but meh whatever works) and put it over my floors. Then I took it with me when I moved. Because yeah, I really do hate hardwoord that much lol.
But the reason why I found the carpeting link so interesting was mostly the end bit, where he starts talking about how the woven carpet industry was dying but decided to make a comeback through a really agressive marketing campaign, which backfired hilairously as everyone instead bought artificial materials. {But here's the thing: American consumers are contrary, cheap, and have the attention span of a peanut." xD
re: synonyms
Yeah I can't find any appropriate synonyms for "interesting" and so I find myself repeating that all the time and yeah it sucks. xP
re: youtube
holy jesus. I was gonna exit out but then I just kept getting sucked in. Like is he trolling me? He's gotta be. Is this a real thing? How can someone spend so much time analyzing this? Why care?
But then I remembered a big thing is speed runs, 100% completion, and low level runs. Especially low level runs, people play RPGs with the intent of completing the game at the lowest level possible. When I was looking at some FF9 things, there was a forum thread for finishing the game at like... level 5? Insane.
But yeah, that 0.5 A button press guy. Idk I think I'm just gonna go with he's a savant. Maybe.
Blind gestures
I think this comment summarizes it pretty much:
No, the study indicates that gesture is based on linguistic structures, not auditory cues.
In English you say "he ran out of the room, he rushed out of the room, he waltzed out of the room, he sneaked out of the room." You have path (out) and manner encoded in the same phrasal verb, and most English speakers will encode both in their gestures (making an "out" motion slower, faster, more waltz-y, more sneak-y). Other languages don't have those linguistic structures and would have to say things like "he entered the room while he was walting, he entered the room in a sneaky way, he slowly entered the room" and make encode path and manner separately, i.e. with two separate gestures.
It has nothing to do with auditory cues ("words"), but linguistic structure ("concepts").
I have "experience" with other languages (Japanese, Spanish, ASL, and French[and I've never actually spoken French]) but not to even a very good conversational level. I don't think I'm really equipped to answer your question on gestures, because I've never thought about it too much either haha. I know that I throw my voice differently, and that's observable for many people. Japanese my voice is usually much deeper than English. And Spanish is... Idk. I've never actually spoken Spanish seriously, so it kinda falls in line with my limited Hawaiian Pidgin in the "sounds like a movie stereotype" category. And in ASL, I have a very limited understanding of it so far, and have not been able to have an actual conversation with it with anyone. But just from observing videos I can tell my movements are way overdone, huge, and my grammar is all wrong for the most part. I also don't really have the facial expressions down so I probably sound a bit like a mix between Yoda and a Robot lol.
Peanuts
How about another mindblowing fact. Pineapples don't grow on trees. Pineapples don't grow underground. The Pineapple is like a flower on a bush... thing?
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-_gN-iagV7.....in-Florida.jpg <-- totally a legit image
Did not figure this out til after I had already moved to Hawaii. I still can't really comprehend it.
Healthcare
Universal and single payer are pretty much used synonymously at this point.
We technically already have universal healthcare (in a form) because the ER cannot refuse service to anyone, even if they know you cannot pay.
Single payer healthcare is the same as "medicare for all." What it means is everyone pays a tax and that tax pays for everyone's healthcare costs.
The thinking behind single payer healthcare is that the taxes toward the healthcare will be leass than your insurance premiums currently are. As it stands now, the US spends 2.5x the amount of other countries on healthcare and yet our healthcare is not the best. (see here).
Proponents of single payer also believe that healthcare costs will go down dramatically since currently, healthcare clinics/offices/hospitals/etc., have whole departments of people dedicated to just dealing with insurance. A nightmare in and of itself since there are so many different plans/types. And since the insurance companies fight tooth and nail to pay the least amount possible, the hospitals artificially inflate their prices. If you have ever tried to fight a bill for a hospital, for example (I have) if you tell them "I can't pay this" or "I'll pay cash" they usually just lop at least 25% off without a fight. That's ridiculous imo but hey, I don't want to turn this into a debate about healthcare, just want to inform of you of the differences/current state.
That being said, I do have a bias and am in favor of single payer. In fact I'm already on it. Your taxes pay for my healthcare because I use the VA medical system exclusively.
Thanks for the comment :)
Yeah hardwoord is easier to clean. Maybe I'm just dumb, but I've never been able to clean a rug very well. So I prefer carpeting over a rug anyway.
My family is a bunch of landlords and landlords everywhere agree carpeting sucks. I however prefer it. I like to be barefoot in my house and carpet just makes that more comfortable. When I was in apartments I bought my own carpeting (the extra cheap crap, but meh whatever works) and put it over my floors. Then I took it with me when I moved. Because yeah, I really do hate hardwoord that much lol.
But the reason why I found the carpeting link so interesting was mostly the end bit, where he starts talking about how the woven carpet industry was dying but decided to make a comeback through a really agressive marketing campaign, which backfired hilairously as everyone instead bought artificial materials. {But here's the thing: American consumers are contrary, cheap, and have the attention span of a peanut." xD
re: synonyms
Yeah I can't find any appropriate synonyms for "interesting" and so I find myself repeating that all the time and yeah it sucks. xP
re: youtube
holy jesus. I was gonna exit out but then I just kept getting sucked in. Like is he trolling me? He's gotta be. Is this a real thing? How can someone spend so much time analyzing this? Why care?
But then I remembered a big thing is speed runs, 100% completion, and low level runs. Especially low level runs, people play RPGs with the intent of completing the game at the lowest level possible. When I was looking at some FF9 things, there was a forum thread for finishing the game at like... level 5? Insane.
But yeah, that 0.5 A button press guy. Idk I think I'm just gonna go with he's a savant. Maybe.
Blind gestures
I think this comment summarizes it pretty much:
No, the study indicates that gesture is based on linguistic structures, not auditory cues.
In English you say "he ran out of the room, he rushed out of the room, he waltzed out of the room, he sneaked out of the room." You have path (out) and manner encoded in the same phrasal verb, and most English speakers will encode both in their gestures (making an "out" motion slower, faster, more waltz-y, more sneak-y). Other languages don't have those linguistic structures and would have to say things like "he entered the room while he was walting, he entered the room in a sneaky way, he slowly entered the room" and make encode path and manner separately, i.e. with two separate gestures.
It has nothing to do with auditory cues ("words"), but linguistic structure ("concepts").
I have "experience" with other languages (Japanese, Spanish, ASL, and French[and I've never actually spoken French]) but not to even a very good conversational level. I don't think I'm really equipped to answer your question on gestures, because I've never thought about it too much either haha. I know that I throw my voice differently, and that's observable for many people. Japanese my voice is usually much deeper than English. And Spanish is... Idk. I've never actually spoken Spanish seriously, so it kinda falls in line with my limited Hawaiian Pidgin in the "sounds like a movie stereotype" category. And in ASL, I have a very limited understanding of it so far, and have not been able to have an actual conversation with it with anyone. But just from observing videos I can tell my movements are way overdone, huge, and my grammar is all wrong for the most part. I also don't really have the facial expressions down so I probably sound a bit like a mix between Yoda and a Robot lol.
Peanuts
How about another mindblowing fact. Pineapples don't grow on trees. Pineapples don't grow underground. The Pineapple is like a flower on a bush... thing?
http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-_gN-iagV7.....in-Florida.jpg <-- totally a legit image
Did not figure this out til after I had already moved to Hawaii. I still can't really comprehend it.
Healthcare
Universal and single payer are pretty much used synonymously at this point.
We technically already have universal healthcare (in a form) because the ER cannot refuse service to anyone, even if they know you cannot pay.
Single payer healthcare is the same as "medicare for all." What it means is everyone pays a tax and that tax pays for everyone's healthcare costs.
The thinking behind single payer healthcare is that the taxes toward the healthcare will be leass than your insurance premiums currently are. As it stands now, the US spends 2.5x the amount of other countries on healthcare and yet our healthcare is not the best. (see here).
Proponents of single payer also believe that healthcare costs will go down dramatically since currently, healthcare clinics/offices/hospitals/etc., have whole departments of people dedicated to just dealing with insurance. A nightmare in and of itself since there are so many different plans/types. And since the insurance companies fight tooth and nail to pay the least amount possible, the hospitals artificially inflate their prices. If you have ever tried to fight a bill for a hospital, for example (I have) if you tell them "I can't pay this" or "I'll pay cash" they usually just lop at least 25% off without a fight. That's ridiculous imo but hey, I don't want to turn this into a debate about healthcare, just want to inform of you of the differences/current state.
That being said, I do have a bias and am in favor of single payer. In fact I'm already on it. Your taxes pay for my healthcare because I use the VA medical system exclusively.
Thanks for the comment :)
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