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The key difference between koi and Dalmatian is the larger splotches and minimal dotting on kois as compared to Dalmatians minimal patches and high spots.
Calico and lava isopods may appear similar in culture but their patterns differ greatly in terms of genetics, Calico's patterns are caused by sex-determined genes meaning only females have the mottled patterns, while males are more dark in coloration. In contrast, lava scabers patterns are determined by codominant genes found in both sexes. They also have more splotches and less mottled pattern.