A Custodial Issue - Thoughts, Headcanon, and GW
Posted a year agoWith the recent "revelation" from on high that there are now female Custodes in 40k, that "there have always been female Custodes", and the overall shitstorm that's resulted from it, I've had some thoughts on the matter.
First and foremost, the elephant in the room: GW fucked the dog on this retcon. Not in that female Custodes couldn't exist somehow, but rather in the means by which they made the announcement. Outside of ADB sneaking in a vague suggestion that there were female Custodes in one of the Horus Heresy novels (a suggestion so vague at the time that it could have instead been referring to Sisters of Silence), the only real published lore we have supporting their existence is a short story in what is arguably one of the worst army books published for 10th Edition thus far, and with no further tie-in at all to smooth things over - no new character model, no new novel... nothing. Just a short story in a bad Codex and a meme-worthy 1984-esque quote via Twitter post to follow it up.
Seriously, GW? You mean to tell me that you spent at least a year and a half - with collaborating teams dedicated to rules, lore, and miniatures no less - to shit out this gold-plated turd and not have something tangible on the side to ease people into the idea you were trying to sell at marked up prices? Hell, you knew damn well that ADB was more than willing to write novels for you guys on the subject, and this is what we get? Wow!
You'd think that maybe they could have at least lazily slapped together a Custodes-themed homage to Mulan or something - GW has been trying to tap into the East-Asian (esp. Chinese) markets in recent years - but nope! They'd rather try to convince longtime fans that there is no war in Ba-Sing-Sei and to just accept it without question.
Suffice to say that the current social media backlash this has resulted in was practically telegraphed from orbit the moment the news got out, with the typical obnoxious vocal minorities in both camps (not to mention the company itself) predictably being excessively stupid about it in ways that have very little to do with the tabletop game the lore is supposed to be subservient to in the first place.
This brings me to my own stance on the matter:
No one is beholden to what GW says is canon in their games, nor should they be. In fact, you could very easily do away with GW altogether and with no loss of love for the hobby.
If there's anything I've seen come out of the online discourse on this and a few other dumpster fires with regards to works of fiction, it's that too many people (including those supporting retcons) get hung up on canon as if it were the literal word of God that they cannot deviate from at all. Personally, I consider such an idea to be antithetical nonsense that betrays an utter lack of imagination, not least of all on the grounds that a creative hobby you're investing time and energy into requires being able to think outside the box by default. Plus, it's fucking GW we're talking about here - they've consistently proven themselves to be such unreliable narrators of their own IPs for decades that they can barely keep a straight story about any specific event or character in any one of them (and that's at the best of times).
On top of all that, GW is utterly incapable of micromanaging their flagship setting in no small part (pun not intended) because of both its scale and its nature, even with an army of lawyers at their beck and call for C&D orders. By giving us an entire galaxy to play in, complete with Magellanic Cloud-sized gaps between known events, locations, and fighting forces (up to and including two entire Astartes legions whose records were expunged for unknown reasons), we can ironically thank a younger GW for future-proofing their own setting as a sandbox that allows players and other fans the freedom to come up with their own forces and stories to go along with them.
"BuT cHaPtEr! CaNoN sAyS tHeRe CaN't Be FeMaLe SpAcE mArInEs! I cAn'T gEt InTo ThE hObBy If ThErE aReN't AnY fEmAlE sPaCe MaRiNeS!"
So? Reject canon and substitute your own!
It really shouldn't have to be said, but as a prospective hobbyist you have to understand that your army, and what you do with it on the tabletop, is fundamentally a work of fanfiction in another form - one you still have to put in considerable time and effort to make anyway. Just as it is with writing fanfic, there is no one holding you back from building, painting, or playing an army that does away with "official" lore but yourself. GW's input need not apply.
It's quite literally down to the limits of your imagination (and maybe your wallet).
So by all means, try your hand at making a "Furry-K" army! Play the Little Sisters of Purification as if female space marines are a thing! Go nuts! While fellow hobbyists are not under any obligation to accept what you're trying to do with your work, the vast majority will at least respect that you put in the effort to make it a thing regardless.
And if all else fails, there's always Battletech to consider instead. Clanner Elementals are pretty much space marines in all but name anyway, and they've never been restricted to being male.
--
As for my own opinion on female Custodes themselves, it's pretty much a "Pics or it never happened" thing insofar as I'm concerned. This is down to a bit of an in-universe reality check:
1. The Imperium of Man is a sprawling bureaucratic feudal mess of untold trillions of people on approximately a million worlds that are thinly spread across the Milky Way Galaxy;
2. In spite of being the posterboys of 40k, there's approximately 1,000,000 Astartes (Space Marines) on average at any given time (barring chapters on crusade or those who've suffered heavy losses). This makes them exceptionally rare such that the vast majority of Imperial citizens will never see one in person in their entire lives, and rumours of their presence in a given warzone are far more likely to be unsubstantiated hype than an actual sighting; and
3. There's roughly only 10,000 Custodes, making them a hundred times rarer than Astartes.
Based on this, my own headcanon is that, whilst the idea of there being female Custodes is theoretically plausible (provided enough proof from the archives), it's not at all likely to be taken seriously by vast swathes of the population who stand more of a chance of surviving a hit from a volcano cannon than they ever will of seeing a female Custodes in person. On top of all of that, it's practically certain that nearly all rumours of their presence amount to the same lies, half-truths and omissions that those higher up would use to keep citizens in line rather than keep them informed.
First and foremost, the elephant in the room: GW fucked the dog on this retcon. Not in that female Custodes couldn't exist somehow, but rather in the means by which they made the announcement. Outside of ADB sneaking in a vague suggestion that there were female Custodes in one of the Horus Heresy novels (a suggestion so vague at the time that it could have instead been referring to Sisters of Silence), the only real published lore we have supporting their existence is a short story in what is arguably one of the worst army books published for 10th Edition thus far, and with no further tie-in at all to smooth things over - no new character model, no new novel... nothing. Just a short story in a bad Codex and a meme-worthy 1984-esque quote via Twitter post to follow it up.
Seriously, GW? You mean to tell me that you spent at least a year and a half - with collaborating teams dedicated to rules, lore, and miniatures no less - to shit out this gold-plated turd and not have something tangible on the side to ease people into the idea you were trying to sell at marked up prices? Hell, you knew damn well that ADB was more than willing to write novels for you guys on the subject, and this is what we get? Wow!
You'd think that maybe they could have at least lazily slapped together a Custodes-themed homage to Mulan or something - GW has been trying to tap into the East-Asian (esp. Chinese) markets in recent years - but nope! They'd rather try to convince longtime fans that there is no war in Ba-Sing-Sei and to just accept it without question.
Suffice to say that the current social media backlash this has resulted in was practically telegraphed from orbit the moment the news got out, with the typical obnoxious vocal minorities in both camps (not to mention the company itself) predictably being excessively stupid about it in ways that have very little to do with the tabletop game the lore is supposed to be subservient to in the first place.
This brings me to my own stance on the matter:
No one is beholden to what GW says is canon in their games, nor should they be. In fact, you could very easily do away with GW altogether and with no loss of love for the hobby.
If there's anything I've seen come out of the online discourse on this and a few other dumpster fires with regards to works of fiction, it's that too many people (including those supporting retcons) get hung up on canon as if it were the literal word of God that they cannot deviate from at all. Personally, I consider such an idea to be antithetical nonsense that betrays an utter lack of imagination, not least of all on the grounds that a creative hobby you're investing time and energy into requires being able to think outside the box by default. Plus, it's fucking GW we're talking about here - they've consistently proven themselves to be such unreliable narrators of their own IPs for decades that they can barely keep a straight story about any specific event or character in any one of them (and that's at the best of times).
On top of all that, GW is utterly incapable of micromanaging their flagship setting in no small part (pun not intended) because of both its scale and its nature, even with an army of lawyers at their beck and call for C&D orders. By giving us an entire galaxy to play in, complete with Magellanic Cloud-sized gaps between known events, locations, and fighting forces (up to and including two entire Astartes legions whose records were expunged for unknown reasons), we can ironically thank a younger GW for future-proofing their own setting as a sandbox that allows players and other fans the freedom to come up with their own forces and stories to go along with them.
"BuT cHaPtEr! CaNoN sAyS tHeRe CaN't Be FeMaLe SpAcE mArInEs! I cAn'T gEt InTo ThE hObBy If ThErE aReN't AnY fEmAlE sPaCe MaRiNeS!"
So? Reject canon and substitute your own!
It really shouldn't have to be said, but as a prospective hobbyist you have to understand that your army, and what you do with it on the tabletop, is fundamentally a work of fanfiction in another form - one you still have to put in considerable time and effort to make anyway. Just as it is with writing fanfic, there is no one holding you back from building, painting, or playing an army that does away with "official" lore but yourself. GW's input need not apply.
It's quite literally down to the limits of your imagination (and maybe your wallet).
So by all means, try your hand at making a "Furry-K" army! Play the Little Sisters of Purification as if female space marines are a thing! Go nuts! While fellow hobbyists are not under any obligation to accept what you're trying to do with your work, the vast majority will at least respect that you put in the effort to make it a thing regardless.
And if all else fails, there's always Battletech to consider instead. Clanner Elementals are pretty much space marines in all but name anyway, and they've never been restricted to being male.
--
As for my own opinion on female Custodes themselves, it's pretty much a "Pics or it never happened" thing insofar as I'm concerned. This is down to a bit of an in-universe reality check:
1. The Imperium of Man is a sprawling bureaucratic feudal mess of untold trillions of people on approximately a million worlds that are thinly spread across the Milky Way Galaxy;
2. In spite of being the posterboys of 40k, there's approximately 1,000,000 Astartes (Space Marines) on average at any given time (barring chapters on crusade or those who've suffered heavy losses). This makes them exceptionally rare such that the vast majority of Imperial citizens will never see one in person in their entire lives, and rumours of their presence in a given warzone are far more likely to be unsubstantiated hype than an actual sighting; and
3. There's roughly only 10,000 Custodes, making them a hundred times rarer than Astartes.
Based on this, my own headcanon is that, whilst the idea of there being female Custodes is theoretically plausible (provided enough proof from the archives), it's not at all likely to be taken seriously by vast swathes of the population who stand more of a chance of surviving a hit from a volcano cannon than they ever will of seeing a female Custodes in person. On top of all of that, it's practically certain that nearly all rumours of their presence amount to the same lies, half-truths and omissions that those higher up would use to keep citizens in line rather than keep them informed.
Inactivity, Motivation, and Warhammer
Posted 3 years agoHeyo! ChapterAquila92 here!
I'll admit that I haven't been particularly outspoken over the past few months, mostly due to Navy work (it never ends...) and other things away from social media. It's also been part and parcel with a lack of motivation on anything furry-related at the moment. Rest assured however that I'm not dead and won't be packing up and leaving anytime soon.
In any case, I've been predominantly focused on my other expensive hobby - tabletop wargaming - as of late. Up until this past month, I was engaged in a slow-build league for Adeptus Titanicus, of which I've already posted a photo of two of the titans back in February. I've since finished painting a total of five titans in preparation for a local event at the end of June, whereby I won 3rd place out of 16 by points scored over the course of the three games I played.
With that out of the way, I've resumed painting up my Salamanders for Horus Heresy, as I've got another event lined up this October. Thus far I've got a full 10-man flamer support squad painted, and am currently working on one of two 10-man tactical squads that still need their gold trim done. Of course, this is a little easier said than done when the models in question are Mk III space marines, so I'm having to spend some more time on the trim than I usually would, but luckily there's only three squads of such units in the army I intend on bringing - the third is a missile support squad.
I'll be doing my best to post progress on these and other projects in due time.
I'll admit that I haven't been particularly outspoken over the past few months, mostly due to Navy work (it never ends...) and other things away from social media. It's also been part and parcel with a lack of motivation on anything furry-related at the moment. Rest assured however that I'm not dead and won't be packing up and leaving anytime soon.
In any case, I've been predominantly focused on my other expensive hobby - tabletop wargaming - as of late. Up until this past month, I was engaged in a slow-build league for Adeptus Titanicus, of which I've already posted a photo of two of the titans back in February. I've since finished painting a total of five titans in preparation for a local event at the end of June, whereby I won 3rd place out of 16 by points scored over the course of the three games I played.
With that out of the way, I've resumed painting up my Salamanders for Horus Heresy, as I've got another event lined up this October. Thus far I've got a full 10-man flamer support squad painted, and am currently working on one of two 10-man tactical squads that still need their gold trim done. Of course, this is a little easier said than done when the models in question are Mk III space marines, so I'm having to spend some more time on the trim than I usually would, but luckily there's only three squads of such units in the army I intend on bringing - the third is a missile support squad.
I'll be doing my best to post progress on these and other projects in due time.
Deployment and Uploads
Posted 4 years agoI should have probably mentioned it a month ago, but I'm currently deployed with the RCN for the time being, once again to the Indo-Asian Pacific region.
Due to operational security I'm not at complete liberty to say exactly where my ship is located or headed within our AOR. It's looking like we'll be crossing the equator at some point much later on however, which will be a first for me.
Due to the pandemic, we've practically been confined to ship and part of the jetty over the past three ports, and even had to hole up in a hotel for nearly two weeks as part of our pre-deployment quarantine. Fortunately, I brought my hobby supplies to pass what little free time I have building and painting miniatures, as well as my 10-year-old laptop for personal electronic work and entertainment.
In the meantime, it's very unlikely that I will be able to post much of my own content here outside of progress photos and maybe the odd "view from the deck" shot that will only be uploaded after we're long gone from that geographical location.
Due to operational security I'm not at complete liberty to say exactly where my ship is located or headed within our AOR. It's looking like we'll be crossing the equator at some point much later on however, which will be a first for me.
Due to the pandemic, we've practically been confined to ship and part of the jetty over the past three ports, and even had to hole up in a hotel for nearly two weeks as part of our pre-deployment quarantine. Fortunately, I brought my hobby supplies to pass what little free time I have building and painting miniatures, as well as my 10-year-old laptop for personal electronic work and entertainment.
In the meantime, it's very unlikely that I will be able to post much of my own content here outside of progress photos and maybe the odd "view from the deck" shot that will only be uploaded after we're long gone from that geographical location.
Reflections on the Past Year
Posted 6 years agoI've lately been having doubts about keeping with FurAffinity recently while reflecting on this past year.
For the record, I'm not an outgoing or trusting individual. My childhood friends, despite still being on very good terms, live on the other side of the country, as do my immediate family. I barely relate with anyone at work, and of the few social circles I have outside of work, there's really only one person out of it all with whom I feel safe confiding on very personal matters, be it pertaining to the Fandom or otherwise.
So what does this mean? I rarely stray from talking shop in most of my social circles, be it with regards to work, wargaming, tabletop, or video games, burying everything else unless I know for certain that those present can handle some of the more sensitive tangential topics I'm willing to talk about. Even in the Furry Fandom, I feel compelled to restrain myself in the same manner, because that's really the only way I know how to fit in and belong.
This leads me to being a very passive member in several social circles, especially those in which I'm merely there for the common interest and not much else. Add my trust issues into the mix, and I become the quiet person sitting in the back corner because there really is no one at the party I can relate to, let alone hang out with, and generally feeling like an outcast.
The worst part about the resulting loneliness however is the desperate need to fill that social void with something, no matter how hollow or shallow, and for me, that substitute consists of parasocial relationships.
For those unaware, the parasocial refers to social behaviours revolving around emotional connections that are rarely reciprocated. Celebrity worship is a commonly cited example, in which a fan may see a given celebrity as a close friend they've known all their lives while the celebrity likely isn't even aware of that fan's existence.
I personally find the Furry Fandom, with all its love of masks, costumes, and pseudonyms, to be particularly bad for inducing this kind of behaviour, of setting up false expectations through an online persona that is oftentimes at odds with the person behind it, and of creating fictitious characters that are more likeable and relatable than most people in the real world. It's very tempting to think of the entire Fandom as a perverted mob of liars and charlatans as a result, even if that's hardly the case at all.
As of this post, there have been two... personas I've been struggling to accept.
The first is TannerTokage , an individual whom I had considered to be a good friend in person. Given how sudden his departure from social media was and how quick he seemed to cut off any form of communication, I don't know exactly the reasons why he did any of that (save for maybe Trump's election into office?), but his resurfacing years later left me with a lot of unanswered questions. Is this even the same person I remember chatting with? Was he always like this? The only conclusions I can infer from this are that either I never knew who Tanner really was, or he'd been replaced by a doppelganger during his self-imposed exile, and I desperately want to be proven wrong on either account.
The second, a lot more recently, was Strype . I've mulled over this one with fireorca before, but I still cannot make the connection between the artist he was and the person she is now without such a degree of imposter syndrome that I have not been able to physically bring myself to commission her since she revealed her transgender status, which is a shame because I really like her artwork.
In both cases, I feel like my trust in either individual has been so grossly misplaced that it's tantamount to betrayal. The first is in the form of watching someone I knew drift apart so much that their new persona, a wannabe-Chaos Sorceror living in Seattle, is a far cry from who I remembered them to be. The second is self-inflicted, having never actually known the individual in question beyond their business and forming preconceived notions as to who they were before having those notions shattered so thoroughly that I don't know where to begin picking up the pieces.
I don't want to open myself to more of this petty heartbreak. I don't want to compensate for my loneliness by taking up such hollow relationships. I don't want to be bottled up like this, for risk of having it blow up in people's faces.
I want to feel like I belong, and so far one good friend in constant contact and a common interest are not enough for this to be a healthy social outlet.
Seeing as I don't know where to go in this godforsaken Fandom, I guess what I'm trying to say is "Help?"
For the record, I'm not an outgoing or trusting individual. My childhood friends, despite still being on very good terms, live on the other side of the country, as do my immediate family. I barely relate with anyone at work, and of the few social circles I have outside of work, there's really only one person out of it all with whom I feel safe confiding on very personal matters, be it pertaining to the Fandom or otherwise.
So what does this mean? I rarely stray from talking shop in most of my social circles, be it with regards to work, wargaming, tabletop, or video games, burying everything else unless I know for certain that those present can handle some of the more sensitive tangential topics I'm willing to talk about. Even in the Furry Fandom, I feel compelled to restrain myself in the same manner, because that's really the only way I know how to fit in and belong.
This leads me to being a very passive member in several social circles, especially those in which I'm merely there for the common interest and not much else. Add my trust issues into the mix, and I become the quiet person sitting in the back corner because there really is no one at the party I can relate to, let alone hang out with, and generally feeling like an outcast.
The worst part about the resulting loneliness however is the desperate need to fill that social void with something, no matter how hollow or shallow, and for me, that substitute consists of parasocial relationships.
For those unaware, the parasocial refers to social behaviours revolving around emotional connections that are rarely reciprocated. Celebrity worship is a commonly cited example, in which a fan may see a given celebrity as a close friend they've known all their lives while the celebrity likely isn't even aware of that fan's existence.
I personally find the Furry Fandom, with all its love of masks, costumes, and pseudonyms, to be particularly bad for inducing this kind of behaviour, of setting up false expectations through an online persona that is oftentimes at odds with the person behind it, and of creating fictitious characters that are more likeable and relatable than most people in the real world. It's very tempting to think of the entire Fandom as a perverted mob of liars and charlatans as a result, even if that's hardly the case at all.
As of this post, there have been two... personas I've been struggling to accept.
The first is TannerTokage , an individual whom I had considered to be a good friend in person. Given how sudden his departure from social media was and how quick he seemed to cut off any form of communication, I don't know exactly the reasons why he did any of that (save for maybe Trump's election into office?), but his resurfacing years later left me with a lot of unanswered questions. Is this even the same person I remember chatting with? Was he always like this? The only conclusions I can infer from this are that either I never knew who Tanner really was, or he'd been replaced by a doppelganger during his self-imposed exile, and I desperately want to be proven wrong on either account.
The second, a lot more recently, was Strype . I've mulled over this one with fireorca before, but I still cannot make the connection between the artist he was and the person she is now without such a degree of imposter syndrome that I have not been able to physically bring myself to commission her since she revealed her transgender status, which is a shame because I really like her artwork.
In both cases, I feel like my trust in either individual has been so grossly misplaced that it's tantamount to betrayal. The first is in the form of watching someone I knew drift apart so much that their new persona, a wannabe-Chaos Sorceror living in Seattle, is a far cry from who I remembered them to be. The second is self-inflicted, having never actually known the individual in question beyond their business and forming preconceived notions as to who they were before having those notions shattered so thoroughly that I don't know where to begin picking up the pieces.
I don't want to open myself to more of this petty heartbreak. I don't want to compensate for my loneliness by taking up such hollow relationships. I don't want to be bottled up like this, for risk of having it blow up in people's faces.
I want to feel like I belong, and so far one good friend in constant contact and a common interest are not enough for this to be a healthy social outlet.
Seeing as I don't know where to go in this godforsaken Fandom, I guess what I'm trying to say is "Help?"
About Shapeshifting Characters
Posted 6 years agoOriginally posted on FAF May 20, 2017
In my time in the fandom, I've encountered a number of people - not to mention a few online communities - that dabble with shapeshifting and transformation in general. The reasons for opting for a shapeshifting fursona are as myriad as the people who use them, but the end result is pretty straight-forward: there's a lot of power in being able to take on whatever form you feel suits your needs or wants - quite literally, the power to do anything you set your mind to.
As godly and liberating as transformation is however, it's worthwhile to step back and ask yourself this: Why should this character have this ability?
(We can apply this same question to many other powers fit for comic book characters, but in the context of fursonas it's a fairly important one, not least of all since a fursona is more or less the avatar of its owner.)
For the purposes of answering this question, I'm breaking down shapeshifters into the following archetypes to explain the finer details in summary: Therians, Walk-In Closets, Swiss Army Knives, and Mad Scientists. Bear in mind that these archetypes are by no means exclusive to one another, and that shapeshifting fursonas can have multiple reasons to varying degrees as to why they can shapeshift.
Therianthropy, in owing to its lycanthropic roots, revolves around the transitions between man and beast. Especially among the therian and (not surprisingly) were communities, the shapeshifting aspect is used to bridge the dissonance gap between fiction and reality. "I know I'm human," the rationale goes, "but how do I justify also being my fursona - a fictitious non-human anthropomorphic animal - at the same time?" It's often the case that the transformation elements in those scenarios are predicated, consciously or subconsciously, on building a mythos about the fursona's connection to its owner, rather than because the transformation itself is desired.
Where therianthropy revolves around a strong feeling of connection with one's fursona, the Walk-In Closet is quite the opposite; the owner of the fursona is generally less certain about what they want their fursona to be, or perhaps their fursona's appearance holds as much significance to them as the clothing they choose to wear (hence the metaphor). Others just don't like the idea of making yet another hybrid fursona in a fandom seemingly teeming with them, and so they opt for the ability to choose between multiple forms Ben-10 style. This morphological freedom, while liberating, is unfortunately prone to reducing one's fursona into a fashion statement if not handled carefully however, and especially so if the owner is more interested in the transformation than the forms themselves.
In contrast, the Swiss Army Knife is the utility-based equivalent of the Walk-In Closet, the idea being that such a fursona has specialized forms that are dedicated to particular tasks. Swiss Army Knives generally adopt a function-before-form design aesthetic, and it's not uncommon for such fursonas to temporarily become grotesque hybrids should it enable them to better be able to do something. With this emphasis on adaptability rather than on appearance, it's more likely that a Swiss Army Knife will have a default form than a Walk-In Closet will (even though it's not necessarily guaranteed).
It is also entirely possible that a fursona's owner has a firm grasp of what they want their fursona to be, yet still feel compelled to experiment with different forms from time to time. Such are the adventurous Mad Scientists, for whom the reasons for undertaking another form can be a simple matter of curiosity and possibly reflect an interest in fields of study. It's because of this experimentation that Mad Scientists are generally unlikely to have defined alternative forms, save perhaps those that they found to be enjoyable at some point, and it's just as likely that their owners take the transformation aspect lightly as hobbyists, compared to the other archetypes.
Ultimately, it's up to you to decide how you want to approach shapeshifting if and when it's applied to your fursona. Keep in mind however that your fursona is reflective of you as a person in relation to the fandom, and no amount of slapping on labels and powers will contribute to your fursona's design in any meaningful manner without any context that's relevant to you.
--
As an aside, I don't often mention that my own fursona, an anthro bronze dragon cyborg by default, is capable of shapeshifting. While he best fits the Swiss Army Knife archetype (reflecting a desire to adapt and overcome challenges), his origins are therian, with the shapeshifting ability reflecting an interest I have for biochemistry and genetic engineering.
In my time in the fandom, I've encountered a number of people - not to mention a few online communities - that dabble with shapeshifting and transformation in general. The reasons for opting for a shapeshifting fursona are as myriad as the people who use them, but the end result is pretty straight-forward: there's a lot of power in being able to take on whatever form you feel suits your needs or wants - quite literally, the power to do anything you set your mind to.
As godly and liberating as transformation is however, it's worthwhile to step back and ask yourself this: Why should this character have this ability?
(We can apply this same question to many other powers fit for comic book characters, but in the context of fursonas it's a fairly important one, not least of all since a fursona is more or less the avatar of its owner.)
For the purposes of answering this question, I'm breaking down shapeshifters into the following archetypes to explain the finer details in summary: Therians, Walk-In Closets, Swiss Army Knives, and Mad Scientists. Bear in mind that these archetypes are by no means exclusive to one another, and that shapeshifting fursonas can have multiple reasons to varying degrees as to why they can shapeshift.
Therianthropy, in owing to its lycanthropic roots, revolves around the transitions between man and beast. Especially among the therian and (not surprisingly) were communities, the shapeshifting aspect is used to bridge the dissonance gap between fiction and reality. "I know I'm human," the rationale goes, "but how do I justify also being my fursona - a fictitious non-human anthropomorphic animal - at the same time?" It's often the case that the transformation elements in those scenarios are predicated, consciously or subconsciously, on building a mythos about the fursona's connection to its owner, rather than because the transformation itself is desired.
Where therianthropy revolves around a strong feeling of connection with one's fursona, the Walk-In Closet is quite the opposite; the owner of the fursona is generally less certain about what they want their fursona to be, or perhaps their fursona's appearance holds as much significance to them as the clothing they choose to wear (hence the metaphor). Others just don't like the idea of making yet another hybrid fursona in a fandom seemingly teeming with them, and so they opt for the ability to choose between multiple forms Ben-10 style. This morphological freedom, while liberating, is unfortunately prone to reducing one's fursona into a fashion statement if not handled carefully however, and especially so if the owner is more interested in the transformation than the forms themselves.
In contrast, the Swiss Army Knife is the utility-based equivalent of the Walk-In Closet, the idea being that such a fursona has specialized forms that are dedicated to particular tasks. Swiss Army Knives generally adopt a function-before-form design aesthetic, and it's not uncommon for such fursonas to temporarily become grotesque hybrids should it enable them to better be able to do something. With this emphasis on adaptability rather than on appearance, it's more likely that a Swiss Army Knife will have a default form than a Walk-In Closet will (even though it's not necessarily guaranteed).
It is also entirely possible that a fursona's owner has a firm grasp of what they want their fursona to be, yet still feel compelled to experiment with different forms from time to time. Such are the adventurous Mad Scientists, for whom the reasons for undertaking another form can be a simple matter of curiosity and possibly reflect an interest in fields of study. It's because of this experimentation that Mad Scientists are generally unlikely to have defined alternative forms, save perhaps those that they found to be enjoyable at some point, and it's just as likely that their owners take the transformation aspect lightly as hobbyists, compared to the other archetypes.
Ultimately, it's up to you to decide how you want to approach shapeshifting if and when it's applied to your fursona. Keep in mind however that your fursona is reflective of you as a person in relation to the fandom, and no amount of slapping on labels and powers will contribute to your fursona's design in any meaningful manner without any context that's relevant to you.
--
As an aside, I don't often mention that my own fursona, an anthro bronze dragon cyborg by default, is capable of shapeshifting. While he best fits the Swiss Army Knife archetype (reflecting a desire to adapt and overcome challenges), his origins are therian, with the shapeshifting ability reflecting an interest I have for biochemistry and genetic engineering.
21 Years of Remembering A Fallen Brother
Posted 7 years agoFor the past two decades, Halloween has meant a lot to my family. Apart from the costumes, the decorations, and the candy, its real significance to us has been one very close to our hearts.
In 1997, it was the day my brother and only sibling, all of three months old at the time, died of SIDS.
Here's to you, Keegan, for having taught us in three months a life worth remembering.
In 1997, it was the day my brother and only sibling, all of three months old at the time, died of SIDS.
Here's to you, Keegan, for having taught us in three months a life worth remembering.
Warhammer 40k Conversion: Grav-Russ Project
Posted 8 years agoHello in the New Year!
I've been going back to my hobby roots and working on models again. As Warhammer holds a place in my heart, amusingly enough, as part of how I discovered the Fandom, I've gone back to working on a project that's been collecting dust for the past three years: the Grav-Russ.
The idea is straightforward: Turn a Leman Russ tank into a grav vehicle. Call it a fun proof of concept, if you will; whether such a thing could exist in 40k is always up for debate.
I unfortunately didn't get very far with my initial plasticard-heavy conversion of the original Leman Russ before I lost interest, largely because I didn't know where I wanted to go with the design. Cue it sitting on a shelf until recently, when GW graced us with the new Primaris Repulsor tank for Space Marine armies.
Since then, it's become a kitbash of Leman Russ, Repulsor, and Predator (the rest of that model became a new Rhino APC). Further plans include a larger turret befitting the size of the Repulsor's hull (possibly a Baneblade turret), and adapting the Predator side sponsons to be equipped with plasma cannons (Because Throne, I want a gakking flying plasma brick!)
I've been going back to my hobby roots and working on models again. As Warhammer holds a place in my heart, amusingly enough, as part of how I discovered the Fandom, I've gone back to working on a project that's been collecting dust for the past three years: the Grav-Russ.
The idea is straightforward: Turn a Leman Russ tank into a grav vehicle. Call it a fun proof of concept, if you will; whether such a thing could exist in 40k is always up for debate.
I unfortunately didn't get very far with my initial plasticard-heavy conversion of the original Leman Russ before I lost interest, largely because I didn't know where I wanted to go with the design. Cue it sitting on a shelf until recently, when GW graced us with the new Primaris Repulsor tank for Space Marine armies.
Since then, it's become a kitbash of Leman Russ, Repulsor, and Predator (the rest of that model became a new Rhino APC). Further plans include a larger turret befitting the size of the Repulsor's hull (possibly a Baneblade turret), and adapting the Predator side sponsons to be equipped with plasma cannons (Because Throne, I want a gakking flying plasma brick!)
XCOM2 Mods
Posted 8 years agoI've gotten into modding my games, specifically XCOM2, and lately I've been making my own mods as well.
For the interested, I'll be compiling my creations here as well as on the Steam Workshop.
"Commander, while our E.X.O. and W.A.R. suits are currently optimized for survivability in combat, refinements to their force control systems will allow soldiers who wear them to operate more efficiently in the field."
--
Exosuits are more than just a means of giving someone heavy armor that they can move around in.
Unlocked in the Proving Grounds upon both building an E.X.O. suit and completing the Andromedon Autopsy, Intelligent Suspension gives a boost to soldiers wearing E.X.O. and W.A.R. suits by granting an additional action point for them to work with within their normal range of movement.
Cost:
2 x Andromedon Wrecks
75 x Supplies
--
Now available for War of the Chosen.
I'll have more posted here as soon as they're on the Workshop.
For the interested, I'll be compiling my creations here as well as on the Steam Workshop.
--Intelligent Suspension: An EXO/WAR Suit Upgrade [Stand-Alone]"Commander, while our E.X.O. and W.A.R. suits are currently optimized for survivability in combat, refinements to their force control systems will allow soldiers who wear them to operate more efficiently in the field."
--
Exosuits are more than just a means of giving someone heavy armor that they can move around in.
Unlocked in the Proving Grounds upon both building an E.X.O. suit and completing the Andromedon Autopsy, Intelligent Suspension gives a boost to soldiers wearing E.X.O. and W.A.R. suits by granting an additional action point for them to work with within their normal range of movement.
Cost:
2 x Andromedon Wrecks
75 x Supplies
--
Now available for War of the Chosen.
--I'll have more posted here as soon as they're on the Workshop.
Relevant? I think NOT!
Posted 9 years agoYou know it's a sad state of affairs when you have to hit the SFW button to get the images you believe to be relevant to your keywords without relying heavily on boolean logic.
I mean, how hard should it be to find a military-related image that doesn't involve porn stars masquerading as soldiers... Oh wait, right. I'm asking too much of FurAffinity again.
DERP.
Still, worth a good laugh once in a while.
#TIFA #ThisIsFurAffinity #MyBarIsTooDamnHigh
I mean, how hard should it be to find a military-related image that doesn't involve porn stars masquerading as soldiers... Oh wait, right. I'm asking too much of FurAffinity again.
DERP.
Still, worth a good laugh once in a while.
#TIFA #ThisIsFurAffinity #MyBarIsTooDamnHigh
Commission Frustrations
Posted 10 years agoI've been getting fatigued by this issue where I either have something in mind that I want commissioned but can't get it commissioned, or I see an artist whose style I like open up for commissions but can't think of what exactly I want commissioned.
In other words, the problems of (a) knowing what I want but can't have and (b) being able to have anything I want but don't know what to request.
In the case of the former, the problem is one of availability - I am rather stringent on quality control and am therefore quite picky as to who I really want to commission for specific pieces. Most often times, the artists whose styles I prefer are simply unavailable. This I know is beyond my control and can't be helped much in the grand scheme of things.
As for the latter, the problem consists of many. As a problem of surplus, in part to the availability problem, I have a pretty substantial backlog of things I want to commission for various purposes, from my featured projects here to personal use. This might not seem as problematic as I'm making it out to be, but with surplus comes another problem: I am becoming increasingly unable to determine which items out of that growing list I want commissioned at any given time.
This has been starting to piss me off as of late, and I'm sure many of you can relate in some way.
Desired art style: Semi-realism, ideally with realistic proportions.
- An informative TF comic detailing TTF recruit selection and exposure to XTNT-001 "Trinity"
- Reference sheets for several characters
Desired art style: Faithful to the source material, though can be semi-realistic as well.
- Concept art of a metagross with a neural-linked heavy weapon system on its back
- Concept art of various vehicles including jet-assisted VTOL aircraft, trimaran littoral combat vessels, and sky frigates
- An aforementioned metagross, armed with a particle cannon, facing off against a Hind-like VTOL gunship.
- An aggron, wearing fitted heavy armor, bracing against the recoil of a shield-mounted backpack-fed gatling gun as he fires on an unseen enemy while surrounded by flames
- A haxorus in fitted modern combat gear, rushing an unseen enemy whilst armed with a VTAC tomahawk, his combat rifle slung.
- A lucario and female zoroark, both equipped for black ops, slipping by human nightshift security guards patrolling cubicles in a Plasma-owned office building in Castelia.
- Reference sheets for various characters
Desired art style: Semi-realism
- An extensive and detailed reference sheet of my fursona
- An "onwards and upwards"-themed portrait of my fursona eagerly looking forward to a new challenge.
- Concept art of a "siegebreaker" mode for my fursona
- My fursona playing with a displacer kitten in his arms
- My fursona, equipped as a Kasrkin grenadier, advancing deliberately while accompanied by disturbed ravens
If you have any suggestions for who I could go to for any of these, or even if you want to take a stab at any of them, I would be most grateful to know.
Thank you.
In other words, the problems of (a) knowing what I want but can't have and (b) being able to have anything I want but don't know what to request.
In the case of the former, the problem is one of availability - I am rather stringent on quality control and am therefore quite picky as to who I really want to commission for specific pieces. Most often times, the artists whose styles I prefer are simply unavailable. This I know is beyond my control and can't be helped much in the grand scheme of things.
As for the latter, the problem consists of many. As a problem of surplus, in part to the availability problem, I have a pretty substantial backlog of things I want to commission for various purposes, from my featured projects here to personal use. This might not seem as problematic as I'm making it out to be, but with surplus comes another problem: I am becoming increasingly unable to determine which items out of that growing list I want commissioned at any given time.
This has been starting to piss me off as of late, and I'm sure many of you can relate in some way.
--
ITCDesired art style: Semi-realism, ideally with realistic proportions.
- An informative TF comic detailing TTF recruit selection and exposure to XTNT-001 "Trinity"
- Reference sheets for several characters
--
P:FADesired art style: Faithful to the source material, though can be semi-realistic as well.
- Concept art of a metagross with a neural-linked heavy weapon system on its back
- Concept art of various vehicles including jet-assisted VTOL aircraft, trimaran littoral combat vessels, and sky frigates
- An aforementioned metagross, armed with a particle cannon, facing off against a Hind-like VTOL gunship.
- A lucario and female zoroark, both equipped for black ops, slipping by human nightshift security guards patrolling cubicles in a Plasma-owned office building in Castelia.
- Reference sheets for various characters
--
PersonalDesired art style: Semi-realism
- Concept art of a "siegebreaker" mode for my fursona
- My fursona playing with a displacer kitten in his arms
--If you have any suggestions for who I could go to for any of these, or even if you want to take a stab at any of them, I would be most grateful to know.
Thank you.
Anyone Looking For A Good Furry Sci-Fi Novel?
Posted 10 years agoHere's a treat for you guys: I recently finished reading an interesting omnibus called 'The Moreau Quartet - Vol 1', a collection of two sci-fi detective novels ('Forests of the Night' and 'Fearful Symmetries') written by S. Andrew Swann, and man does it check off some good boxes.
I won't go into much detail about the two books specifically, but the premise is this: It's 2053, and the world has long since genetically engineered life successfully. Alluding to the namesakes of their respective pieces of sci-fi literature, "moreaus" (uplifted animals, both humanoid and feral) and "frankensteins" (genetically manipulated humans) live as second-class citizens, the first generation predominantly designed as bioengineered weapons used in recent wars.
The omnibus follows Nohar Rajasthan, a second-generation tiger moreau conceived naturally from two former members of an Indian Special Forces unit that deserted and fled to America during the Pan-Asian War. Having never known his real father, and his mother dying from complications involving feline leukemia when he was 5 years old, Nohar fell into human care while finding a father figure in Mandvi "Manny" Gujerat, a mongoose moreau and combat medic from his parents' unit, and an unlikely friend in Robert "Bobby" Dittrich, a human and fellow high school outcast. He later joined a street gang called the Hellcats while searching for his father, but upon discovering what kind of person his father was he decided he wanted nothing to do with him, subsequently leaving gang life behind and eventually finding a full-time, if poorly paid, job as a private investigator. The first novel picks up during one of his cases.
The stories contained within this novel would have been a great match for the "Gangsters & Gumshoes" theme of VancouFur 2015, and even after two decades, 'The Moreau Quartet' has held up quite well to the march of time. A definite must-read for a furry into either genre.
I won't go into much detail about the two books specifically, but the premise is this: It's 2053, and the world has long since genetically engineered life successfully. Alluding to the namesakes of their respective pieces of sci-fi literature, "moreaus" (uplifted animals, both humanoid and feral) and "frankensteins" (genetically manipulated humans) live as second-class citizens, the first generation predominantly designed as bioengineered weapons used in recent wars.
The omnibus follows Nohar Rajasthan, a second-generation tiger moreau conceived naturally from two former members of an Indian Special Forces unit that deserted and fled to America during the Pan-Asian War. Having never known his real father, and his mother dying from complications involving feline leukemia when he was 5 years old, Nohar fell into human care while finding a father figure in Mandvi "Manny" Gujerat, a mongoose moreau and combat medic from his parents' unit, and an unlikely friend in Robert "Bobby" Dittrich, a human and fellow high school outcast. He later joined a street gang called the Hellcats while searching for his father, but upon discovering what kind of person his father was he decided he wanted nothing to do with him, subsequently leaving gang life behind and eventually finding a full-time, if poorly paid, job as a private investigator. The first novel picks up during one of his cases.
The stories contained within this novel would have been a great match for the "Gangsters & Gumshoes" theme of VancouFur 2015, and even after two decades, 'The Moreau Quartet' has held up quite well to the march of time. A definite must-read for a furry into either genre.
Uncanny Coincidences While Writing
Posted 10 years agoI'm sure many a writer has stumbled into this at one point or another, where you're writing a story with a certain idea and find a franchise that you had never heard of before yet features an uncannily similar idea to your own. "Ideas are a dime a dozen," as the saying goes, but sometimes you can't help but feel that, upon encountering that idea, you start adopting aspects of that idea into your work.
This has been the case on occasion for myself while writing the Immortal Trinity Chronicles and Pokémon: Forgotten Army, in addition to my inspirations for both.
--
Immortal Trinity Chronicles
When I had initially conceived of ITC nearly a decade ago, it was originally a modern fantasy story born out of an obscene fascination for Warhammer Fantasy Lizardmen, (presumably) dead story series called "Saga of Blood" and "Primals" (by Stormdrake and Darker, respectively), and my own Catholic beliefs at the time. Since then, the story has been revised into what it is today: a near-future military science fiction with token inspirations from Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six and the Andromeda Strain.
With that said, it hasn't been without its uncanny resemblances:
Deus Ex
By the time I had encountered the series in 2011, I already had in mind the idea of an international task force that answers to the UN and consists of what are effectively nanoaugmented supersoldiers. Cue me finding out about JC Denton and UNATCO. With that said, this was an idea I already had in mind, and any reference to the series at this point would only be made tongue-in-cheek by characters with in-universe knowledge of the franchise which, considering that ITC's main arc starts in 2032, is something of a niche.
XCOM: Enemy Unknown/Enemy Within
Yet another idea of a multinational task force with access to advanced military technology that wasn't lost on me, and that was the biggest appeal I had with the rebooted franchise when I delved into it in 2013. With the presence of tech-oriented characters in the series, not to mention an alien species, another tongue-in-cheek reference may be made at a later date.
Act of Aggression
Chimera is a UNO-funded multinational task force that serves in the capacity that NATO (which disbanded in-universe) used to: as a quick-reaction force. Barring references to nanotechnology, this is an uncanny description that is near-identical to what the Trinity Task Force is supposed to be. Whether I start including UAVs and BMPT Terminators in its force composition remains to be seen however.
--
Pokémon: Forgotten Army
P:FA has proven to be an interesting journey, starting off inspired by Wasserbienchen's Pokemon Nuzlocke series In Black and White, especially a few choice lines by Elesa where she talks about pokémon being weapons and trainers effectively being soldiers, and spiraling from there.
Other inspirations at the time of conception include Machinegun Preacher, XCOM, Ghost Recon: Future Soldier, and Rainbow Six.
Granted, much of the following coincidences piled on because of the fanfic nature of P:FA.
Metal Gear Solid V
Because I am setting up Orre to be a failed state in the setting, I couldn't help but put two and two together with Cipher being a shadowy organization with collusion throughout and beyond the region, although this was already a feature in the MGS series up to now. In addition, the game has since influenced me to include a possible venue to explain how PCOM, the titular "Forgotten Army", was able to survive without government support, although I very much doubt that it would set up shop on some oil rigs.
This brings me to my next uncanny coincidence...
Act of Aggression (again)
The background behind the Cartel is that it's a PMC with stolen prototypical technology that has been able to subvert national governments to serve its interests as an NGO superpower. Again, this sounds very much in line with Cipher's mode of operations in Orre. At the same time, the titular unit would find it to be a real pain if Unova put two and two together and realized that it is the exact same project that they had shut down. To that end, a kind of private military front that the Cartel makes use of to conceal its black ops actually sounds reasonable.
--
No doubt that others may crop up over time, but this is what I've noticed so far.
This has been the case on occasion for myself while writing the Immortal Trinity Chronicles and Pokémon: Forgotten Army, in addition to my inspirations for both.
--
Immortal Trinity Chronicles
When I had initially conceived of ITC nearly a decade ago, it was originally a modern fantasy story born out of an obscene fascination for Warhammer Fantasy Lizardmen, (presumably) dead story series called "Saga of Blood" and "Primals" (by Stormdrake and Darker, respectively), and my own Catholic beliefs at the time. Since then, the story has been revised into what it is today: a near-future military science fiction with token inspirations from Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six and the Andromeda Strain.
With that said, it hasn't been without its uncanny resemblances:
Deus Ex
By the time I had encountered the series in 2011, I already had in mind the idea of an international task force that answers to the UN and consists of what are effectively nanoaugmented supersoldiers. Cue me finding out about JC Denton and UNATCO. With that said, this was an idea I already had in mind, and any reference to the series at this point would only be made tongue-in-cheek by characters with in-universe knowledge of the franchise which, considering that ITC's main arc starts in 2032, is something of a niche.
XCOM: Enemy Unknown/Enemy Within
Yet another idea of a multinational task force with access to advanced military technology that wasn't lost on me, and that was the biggest appeal I had with the rebooted franchise when I delved into it in 2013. With the presence of tech-oriented characters in the series, not to mention an alien species, another tongue-in-cheek reference may be made at a later date.
Act of Aggression
Chimera is a UNO-funded multinational task force that serves in the capacity that NATO (which disbanded in-universe) used to: as a quick-reaction force. Barring references to nanotechnology, this is an uncanny description that is near-identical to what the Trinity Task Force is supposed to be. Whether I start including UAVs and BMPT Terminators in its force composition remains to be seen however.
--
Pokémon: Forgotten Army
P:FA has proven to be an interesting journey, starting off inspired by Wasserbienchen's Pokemon Nuzlocke series In Black and White, especially a few choice lines by Elesa where she talks about pokémon being weapons and trainers effectively being soldiers, and spiraling from there.
Other inspirations at the time of conception include Machinegun Preacher, XCOM, Ghost Recon: Future Soldier, and Rainbow Six.
Granted, much of the following coincidences piled on because of the fanfic nature of P:FA.
Metal Gear Solid V
Because I am setting up Orre to be a failed state in the setting, I couldn't help but put two and two together with Cipher being a shadowy organization with collusion throughout and beyond the region, although this was already a feature in the MGS series up to now. In addition, the game has since influenced me to include a possible venue to explain how PCOM, the titular "Forgotten Army", was able to survive without government support, although I very much doubt that it would set up shop on some oil rigs.
This brings me to my next uncanny coincidence...
Act of Aggression (again)
The background behind the Cartel is that it's a PMC with stolen prototypical technology that has been able to subvert national governments to serve its interests as an NGO superpower. Again, this sounds very much in line with Cipher's mode of operations in Orre. At the same time, the titular unit would find it to be a real pain if Unova put two and two together and realized that it is the exact same project that they had shut down. To that end, a kind of private military front that the Cartel makes use of to conceal its black ops actually sounds reasonable.
--
No doubt that others may crop up over time, but this is what I've noticed so far.
Thinking of Deleting your Account? Ciao!
Posted 10 years agoSince DeviantART's recent exposition on art theft and its technicalities, I've noticed a few artists high-tailing it off the site leaving little more than a journal entry, on a deleted account, detailing where they may be found. While I understand the reasoning behind moving to greener pastures because of the controversy, I do not agree that it should be justification to use "scorched earth" tactics while doing so. By committing to such measures, you are preventing those who have little reason to venture to your other account sites from being able to contact you.
This isn't me trying to persuade people to stay - I really don't care if you do or not. However, until there is enough of a migration to convince me that I should set up shop elsewhere as well, I'm just going to consider you a lost cause if you delete your account. Simply put, I'm in no mood to be chasing you down and setting up accounts on a dozen sites just to keep tabs on people.
That wasn't why I went to DeviantART from http://www.elfwood.com/u/johnm13" rel="nofollow ugc noreferrer noopener">Elfwood over six years ago. That wasn't why I joined https://forums.spacebattles.com/mem.....ila92.285923/" rel="nofollow ugc noreferrer noopener">SpaceBattles.com over two years ago. That wasn't why I set up this account here on FurAffinity over two months ago.
If you happen to be on these sites as well, great - I therefore still have a means to contact you. Otherwise, you're forgettable at best.
Food for thought.
This isn't me trying to persuade people to stay - I really don't care if you do or not. However, until there is enough of a migration to convince me that I should set up shop elsewhere as well, I'm just going to consider you a lost cause if you delete your account. Simply put, I'm in no mood to be chasing you down and setting up accounts on a dozen sites just to keep tabs on people.
That wasn't why I went to DeviantART from http://www.elfwood.com/u/johnm13" rel="nofollow ugc noreferrer noopener">Elfwood over six years ago. That wasn't why I joined https://forums.spacebattles.com/mem.....ila92.285923/" rel="nofollow ugc noreferrer noopener">SpaceBattles.com over two years ago. That wasn't why I set up this account here on FurAffinity over two months ago.
If you happen to be on these sites as well, great - I therefore still have a means to contact you. Otherwise, you're forgettable at best.
Food for thought.
Regarding this Account
Posted 10 years agoAs stated in my profile, this account was set up to showcase the projects that I, ChapterAquila92, am working on. These projects are predominantly literary, and while I have no issue with posting related artwork here, whether my own or commissioned, I personally feel that pretty pictures detract too much from the work at hand.
As such, I will not be including artwork as part of my gallery. Instead, check my "scraps" instead.
Admittedly, I do not upload as often as I'd like. However, with my military career being what it is among other commitments, that may be the case for the foreseeable future.
In the end, patience in all things. I ask for no less than that.
As such, I will not be including artwork as part of my gallery. Instead, check my "scraps" instead.
Admittedly, I do not upload as often as I'd like. However, with my military career being what it is among other commitments, that may be the case for the foreseeable future.
In the end, patience in all things. I ask for no less than that.
FA+
